Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger

Legal aspects of implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Indigenous traditional knowledge for sustainable development: the biodiversity convention and plant treaty regimes

Sustainable development requires establishing a functional balance between socioeconomic development and environmental protection, with traditional knowledge (TK) held by indigenous and local communities (ILCs), including traditional practices of conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, playing an integral role in achieving global sustainable development goals. This paper looks at the inclusion of TK in two principle regimes: the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). It explains TK within this context, summarizes key elements of applicable legal frameworks, and analyzes certain legal measures from domestic implementation of the treaties. It suggests that traditional knowledge of ILCs provides a channel for sustainable development which has been nurtured for centuries and should be more effectively integrated into decision-making procedures through greater protections for TK and local empowerment of ILCs for governance and equitable benefit sharing.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Contributors

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Contents

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Case Studies of Domestic Regimes and Sustainable Development

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Dedication and Acknowledgements

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Index

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Frontmatter

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.

Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Domestic Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects

Part I. Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law: 1. Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and sustainable development Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru and Mai Fujii 2. Implementing sustainable development through national biosafety frameworks Christine Frison, Sylvestre-Jose-Tidiane Manga and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 3. Crafting national biosafety regulatory systems Gregory Jaffe Part II. Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety: 4. Risk assessment and risk management Ryan Hill 5. The decision-making procedures of the protocol Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii and Kathryn Garforth 6. Handling, transport, packaging and information Thomas Redick 7. The question of public participation Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer 8. The biosafety clearing-house and sustainable development law Frederic Perron-Welch 9. Use of the biosafety clearing house in practice Tomme Rosanne Young 10. Socio-economics, biosafety and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch 11. The compliance mechanism: development, adoption, content and first years of life Veit Koester 12. Biosafety, liability and sustainable development Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo Part III. National Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects: 13. Legislative options for national implementation Tomme Rosanne Young 14. National biosafety regulatory systems in Central and Eastern Europe David Duthie and Liina Eek 15. Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: national and regional activities Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng 16. Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa Gregory Jaffe 17. The national biosafety regulatory systems in Asian and Near East countries Nizar Mohamed 18. The regulatory and institutional biosafety systems in the Americas Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 19. National experiences with legislative implementation of the protocol Tomme Rosanne Young 20. The Costa Rican legal framework on agricultural genetically modified organisms Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 21. Innovations in biosafety law in New Zealand Frederic Perron-Welch 22. Liability and redress in Canadian case law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie 23. The use of GMOs in Chile and the protection of indigenous culture Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin Part V. Global Policy Trends in Biosafety: 24. Sustainable development, biosafety and international law Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia 25. Trade and investment implications of implementing the Cartagena Protocol Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring 26. The Cartagena Protocol and the regulation of genetically modified food aid Martin Endicot.