Marie-Madeleine Galteau
Centre national de la recherche scientifique
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Featured researches published by Marie-Madeleine Galteau.
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine | 2001
Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Myriam Guyon; René Gueguen; Gérard Siest
Abstract Human cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein which has been proposed as a better marker of glomerular filtration rate than creatinine. To be able to interpret results obtained in different patient populations it is necessary to define cystatin C reference values. We measured serum concentration of cystatin C in 1223 subjects using a particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. Subjects were aged 4 to 79 years and were selected among apparently healthy individuals who came to the Centre for Preventive Medicine in Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France. We observed a Gaussian distribution of cystatin C concentration in serum. We did not find any effect of age or gender in children, hormonal status in women (puberty, menopause, oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) or alcohol intake. Cystatin C concentration was slightly lower in female than in male adults below the age of 60 years. Cystatin C levels significantly increased above the age of 60 in both males and females, probably due to physiological aging of renal function. No other significant differences were observed between males and females. Using multiple regression analysis, moderate correlations were observed between body mass index and cystatin C, and between smoking and cystatin C, but these were not biologically significant. According to the literature, only methylprednisolone and cyclosporin A increased and decreased cystatin C levels, respectively. The reference values for cystatin C obtained in a carefully selected population were 0.75±0.089 mg/l for children aged 4–19 years, 0.74±0.100 mg/l for males and 0.65±0.085 mg/l for females (aged 20–59 years), and 0.83±0.103 mg/l for older individuals (≥60 years).
Biochemical Pharmacology | 1979
D. Ratanasavanh; A. Tazi; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Gérard Siest
Abstract We compared the gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities in the various subcellular fractions and in plasma membrane preparations, and found that phenobarbital caused an increase in the activity of almost solely this enzyme in the plasma membranes of rat and rabbit liver. We conclude that the enzyme is highly concentrated in plasma membranes. An inductive effect of phenobarbital-like compounds was thus demonstrated even in the rat, where the phenomenon has been difficult to demonstrate before. Our results permit the use, once again, of the rat as a model for the study of enzymatic induction of GGT. provided the enzymes activity is measured in liver plasma membranes and not only in microsomes.
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety | 2009
Bienvenu Bongue; Florence Naudin; Marie-Laure Laroche; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Claire Guy; René Gueguen; J.P. Convers; Alain Colvez; Nabil Maarouf
To describe the trends of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older adults from 1995 to 2004 in the East of France, by using the 1997 Beers criteria and its French update, and to assess risk factors for this PIM use.
Clinica Chimica Acta | 1992
Anne-Marie Batt; Gérard Siest; Jacques Magdalou; Marie-Madeleine Galteau
Enzyme induction by drugs mostly concerns those enzymes involved in drug metabolism: cytochromes P-450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases, gamma-glutamyltransferases and epoxide hydrolases. A large variety of molecular forms exists, but not all of them are inducible (e.g. the inducible cytochromes P-450 in man are members of family IA, IIA, IIC, IIE, IIIA). Induction is most common in the liver, but also occurs in other organs (lung, placenta, lymphocytes). Over the past 20 years a relatively small number of drugs and environmental chemicals have been identified as enzyme inducers, perhaps fewer than early studies suggested. Information on inducing properties must be obtained as early as possible during the development of a new drug and made available to clinicians and clinical chemists when the drug is marketed. The main consequences of enzyme induction are changes in pharmacokinetics of the drug itself or of an associated drug. Much progress has been made in methods to identify these inducers.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | 1980
Abderrahim Tazi; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Gérard Siest
Abstract Phenobarbital enhanced liver γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in rabbit as soon as the treatment was initiated, while the activity of the enzyme in plasma remained unchanged until Day 18 of treatment. In vitro solubilization of GGT from liver plasma membranes of controls and rabbits treated with phenobarbital showed that the longer phenobarbital was administered, the more enzyme was solubilized and the more rapidly it did so. Moreover effects of different bile salts upon the solubilization of the enzyme showed that lithocholate, a monohydroxy bile salt, and deoxycholate, a dihydroxy one, removed GGT more easily than did the trihydroxy bile salt, cholate. Our results suggest that induction and enhancement of solubilization of the enzyme after phenobarbital treatment and the effects of bile salts upon the liver membranes could provide an explanation for the increase of GGT in plasma.
Cell Biochemistry and Function | 2000
Marjorie Starck; Philippe Bertrand; Stéphanie Pépin; Françoise Schiele; Gérard Siest; Marie-Madeleine Galteau
Apolipoprotein (apo) E has been implicated in Alzheimers disease; however, little is known about the regulation of its secretion in astrocytes. To investigate the effects of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on apoE secretion by CCF‐STTG1 cells, a sensitive and specific double sandwich Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) was developed. Using a monoclonal anti‐human apoE antibody as the capture antibody, this assay was carried out with commercially available reagents. The assay had a sensitivity of 0·013 ng per well, within‐run and between‐run variation coefficients of 6·0 and 8·6 per cent respectively. There was no cross‐reactions between antibodies used and apoAI, apoAII, apoB, apoCI, apoCII and apoCIII. Low apoE concentrations were assessed using a serum‐free HepG2 culture medium as secondary calibrator, containing 59 μg l−1 of apoE. In serum‐free medium, CCF‐STTG1 cells secreted apoE, the accumulation of which in the cell medium increased linearly with time (27 μg per 48 h). After 48 h of incubation, apoE secretion was inhibited by TNF‐α but not affected by IL‐1β and IFN‐γ. However, the effect of regulatory factors may depend upon culture conditions since in the presence of 10 per cent fetal calf serum, IFN‐γ significantly inhibited apoE secretion. Thus, apoE secretion by CCF‐STTG1 cells is inhibited by specific pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This new apoE ELISA presents the great advantage of using commercially available reagents which permit inter‐laboratory comparability of results, involves relatively low cost and is adaptable for the measurement of low levels of apoE. Copyright
Clinica Chimica Acta | 1994
Anne-Marie Batt; Jacques Magdalou; M. Vincent-Viry; Mohamed Ouzzine; Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Gérard Siest
Many studies on drug metabolism have been carried out during the last decades using protein purification, molecular cloning techniques and analysis of polymorphisms at phenotype and genotype levels. These researchers led to a better understanding of the role of drug metabolizing enzymes in the biotransformation of drugs, pollutants or foreign compounds and of their use in laboratory medicine. The metabolic processes commonly involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics have been classified into functionalization reaction (phase I reactions), which implicate lipophilic compounds. These molecules are modified via monooxygenation, dealkylation, reduction, aromatization, hydrolysis and can be substrates for the phase II reactions, often called conjugation reactions as they conjugate a functional group with a polar, endogenous compound. This review, devoted to cytochromes P-450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), describes essentially the genetic polymorphisms found in humans, their clinical consequences and the methods to assess the phenotypes or genotypes, with a view to studying the interindividual differences in drug monooxygenation and drug glucuronidation. Variations in drug glucuronidation reported here focused essentially on variations due to physiological factors, induction, drug interactions and genetic factors in disorders such as Gilberts Syndrome and Crigler-Najjar type I and II diseases.
Clinica Chimica Acta | 1993
Edith Lecomte; Yves Artur; Yves Chancerelle; Bernard Herbeth; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Claude Jeandel; Gérard Siest
Many recent in vitro experiments support the hypothesis that oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs) could participate in atherogenesis. Oxidation of LDLs, especially derivatization by aldehydes originating from peroxidation of fatty acids and fragmentation of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 which is their major apolipoprotein, probably occurs extravascularly and the presence of oxidized LDLs in the circulation is not well documented. Using electrophoresis and immunodetection techniques, we studied the structure of apo B and the presence of adducts of malondialdehyde (MDA) to this protein in LDLs from plasma of a limited population of five healthy subjects and nine patients with severe atherosclerosis. In the patient-derived LDLs, apo B appeared extensively fragmented, much more so than in those from the healthy subjects, although LDLs were isolated in all cases in the presence of antioxidants, protease inhibitors and antibiotics. Additionally, in all healthy subjects, we found a minor fragment of apo B-100, apo B-74, whereas the complementary peptide, apo B-26, was not detected; thus the presence of this minor form cannot be related to cleavage of apo B-100, either by proteolysis or by oxidation. We also present evidence that MDA adducts are present in circulating apo B and most of its fragments not only in atheromatous patients, but also in healthy subjects. Our results are consistent with the existence of oxidized LDLs in the human circulation. However, the role of non-oxidative phenomena in the structural modifications affecting apo B which are reported here cannot be excluded.
Enzyme | 1982
Mohamed Lahrichi; Damrong Ratanasavanh; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Gérard Siest
The effects of chronic ethanol administration on the activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in plasma and in hepatic plasma membranes of male and female rats are studied. The effects of alcohol on the lipid level in plasma are also investigated. After 4 weeks of treatment, GGT activity significantly increases in plasma either in male rats (131%, p less than 0.02) or in female ones (64%, p less than 0.05). In addition, chronic alcohol consumption simultaneously increases beta-lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in plasma only in male rats (181%, p less than 0.05 and 171%, p less than 0.01, respectively). In the liver, a significant elevation of GGT activity is observed in plasma membranes (146% in male rats, p less than 0.02, and 84% in female rats, p less than 0.02) but neither in homogenates nor in microsomal fractions. So, the variation of enzymatic activity in plasma as well as in hepatic plasma membranes is higher in male than in female rats. These results demonstrate, as for phenobarbital, that alcohol provokes an induction of GGT in rat liver only in the plasma membrane fraction.
Clinical Genetics | 2008
Sophia Visvikis; Josiane Steinmetz; Eric Boerwinkle; R. Gueguen; Marie-Madeleine Galteau; Gérard Siest
Plasma from 158 presumed healthy nuclear families has been analyzed by high‐resolution, two‐dimensional electrophoresis to study the frequency and effects of the genetic polymorphism in human apolipoprotein A‐IV. Two common alleles, apo A‐IV 1 and apo A‐IV 2 were detected with relative frequencies of 0.943 and 0.057, respectively. Autosomal codominant transmission of these two alleles coded for by a single structural locus was demonstrated. Furthermore, we studied the effects of this apo A‐IV variability on total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose levels and gamma‐glutamyltransferase activity. Statistically significant differences among apo A‐IV genotypes for the average glucose level were detected. The average effect of the apo A‐IV 1 allele was to lower plasma glucose levels by 0.013 mmol/l, whereas the average effect of the apo A‐IV 2 allele was to raise glucose levels by 0.213 mmol/l.