Marija Ljubičić

Uloga medicinske sestre u prepoznavanju znakova zlostavljanja osoba starije dobiThe role of nurses in recognizing the abuse of elderly people

Važnost starenja i prava koja imaju osobe starije životne dobi prepoznata su tek prije nekoliko desetljeća. Problemi nastali kao posljedica starenja pučanstva predstavljeni su od strane Ujedinjenih naroda na Svjetskoj skupštini o starenju 1982. godine kada je usvojen Međunarodni plan akcija o starenju. Na Drugom svjetskom skupu o starenju 2002. godine usvojen je Internacionalni akcijski plan o starenju koji sadrži ciljeve i preporuke prevencije zlostavljanja, zanemarivanja i nasilja nad osobama starije životne dobi. Prava osoba starije životne dobi utemeljena su na načelima PR O FE SI O N A LN A S ES TR IN SK A P R A K SA / N U RS IN G P R A C TI CE

Zdravstvena njega osoba starije životne dobi s kserostomijomHealth care of the elderly with xerostomia

Starenje je biološki proces u kojem dolazi do smanjivanja funkcija organa i tkiva. Svi organi podložni su promjenama starenja pa tako i usna šupljina [1]. Starenje stomatognatnog sustava nastaje prije starenja ostalih organa. Povezanost oralnog i općeg zdravlja vidljiva je uosoba starije životne dobi. One imaju povećan rizik za nastanak sustavnih bolesti štoutječe na stupanj zdravlja usne šupljine, ali i na nezadovoljavajuće oralno zdravlje te može za posljedicu imati rizik za pogoršanje općeg zdravlja.

Knowledge about dietary fibre and its health benefits: A cross-sectional survey of 2536 residents from across Croatia

This cross-sectional study is aimed at identifying the level of understanding of the health benefits of dietary fibre in the prevention of disease, as well as the association between that understanding and fibre consumption in the Croatian population. We believe that nutritional knowledge is important for the consumption of healthy food which includes also a positive reflection on food habits and health. Only well-informed consumers can shop effectively for food rich in dietary fibre and thereby derive the health benefits that fibre can offer. We suppose the association between that understanding and fibre consumption in the Croatian population. However, this knowledge is not the only important determinant; food purchases are influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our hypothesis is that the level of knowledge about fibre and fibre consumption varies with age, gender, education level and urban or rural environment. It is our assumption that life styles, environmental conditions and education can affect the level of knowledge and perception about healthy eating habits. If this assumption is accurate, targeted education campaigns to educate and sensitise the population about fibre-rich foods and the health benefits of fibre is a priority. Public health programmes are urgently needed, particularly in rural areas, to sensitise the population to fulfill the recommended fibre intake, high-fibre food sources and the mechanisms by which fibre can help prevent disease.

Consumer knowledge and attitudes toward healthy eating in Croatia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Unlike fast and restaurant food, diet rich in fibre is known to contribute significantly to health. The aim of our study was to assess eating habits such as consumption of fibre-rich, fast, and restaurant food of the general population in Croatia. For this purpose we used a validated survey designed by the Polytechnic Institute Viseu in Portugal, which includes questions about demographics, good eating habits related to the consumption of the main sources of dietary fibre (fruit, vegetables, and whole grains), and unhealthy eating habits related to the consumption of fast food and restaurant meals. Between October 2014 and March 2015 we received answers from 2,536 respondents aged between 18-70 years, of whom 67.4 % were women and 32.6 % were men. Most respondents reported consuming one serving of vegetables and one piece of fruit a day, and whole grains every other day. Women and urban residents reported consuming larger amounts of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains than men (p<0.001). Men, in turn, reported eating out and eating fast food more often than women (p<0.001). Eating out highly correlated with eating fast food, which translates to lower consumption of dietary fibre (p<0.001). Higher education correlated positively with the consumption of fibre-rich food, but it also correlated positively with the consumption of fast and restaurant food (p<0.001). While eating fast food is not the predominant dietary practice in Croatia, over 50 % of respondents have reported eating fast food at least once a week. Our data also indicate that consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains falls below the national and international dietary recommendations.

Temeljne informacije o zdravstvenoj njezi osoba s autizmom

Sažetak Autizam je biološki razvojni poremećaj mozga. Simptomi autizma najčešće se javljaju u prve tri godine i ostaju prisutni do kraja života. Danas se autistični poremećaji smatraju pervazivnim razvojnim poremećajima, za što je karakteristično i pervazivno oštećenje većeg broja razvojnih područja, primjerice, socijalne interakcije i komunikacije ili javljanje stereotipnih oblika ponašanja, interesa ili aktivnosti. Takav obrazac ponašanja utječe na mogućnost zadovoljenja osnovnih ljudskih potreba, te posljedično i na kvalitetu života. U povećanju razine kvalitete života osoba s autizmom i njihovih obitelji uloga medicinske sestre iznimno je važna. Kako autizam ostaje prisutan tijekom cijelog života, sestrinska skrb uključuje djelovanje na svim razinama zdravstvene zaštite kroza sve razvojne dobi života osoba s autizmom. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na poboljšanje uvjeta života i percepciju osobe o vlastitoj životnoj stvarnosti. Uloga medicinske sestre u povećanju kvalitete života obitelji i osoba s autizmom temelji se na zadovoljavanju osnovnih ljudskih potreba. Ključne riječi: autizam • medicinska sestra • zdravstvena njega • kvaliteta života Kratki naslov: Medicinske sestre i autizam Abstract Autism is a biological disorder of a brain development. The symptoms of autism appear mostly in the first three years and they stay present for the rest of the life. Nowadays, autistic disorders are seen as pervasive developmental disorders, for which a pervasive defect of numerous developmental areas, for example social interaction and communication, or the appearance of stereotypic behavior, interests or activities, is considered characteristic. Such a behavior pattern influences the possibility to satisfy the basic human needs, and therefore the quality of life. In order to increase the quality of life for people with autism and their families, the role of the nurse is extremely important. As autism stays present during the whole life, the nursing care includes activities on all levels of health protection during all developmental stages of autistic people. Special emphasis is put on the improvement of the life conditions and the person’s perception of its own reality of life. The role of nurses in the increase of the quality of life for people with autism and their families is based on the satisfaction of basic human needs.

Stavovi medicinskih sestara prema osobama s invaliditetom

Sažetak Cilj: Cilj je rada ispitati stavove medicinskih sestara prema osobama s invaliditetom te utvrditi postoji li razlika u stavovima onih koje svakodnevno skrbe za osobe s invaliditetom i onih koje to rade nešto rjeđe. Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 50 ispitanika. Primjenom Likertove ljestvice, komparativnom analizom distribucije frekvencija i primjenom t-testa ispituje se razlika u stavovima medicinskih sestara Centra za rehabilitaciju Sv. Filip i Jakov i Opće bolnice Zadar prema osobama s invaliditetom. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju neodlučne stavove medicinskih sestara prema osobama s invaliditetom koji imaju tendenciju pozitivnog usmjerenja. Pritom nema statistički značajnije razlike među ustanovama. Međutim, uočava se da među ustanovama postoji razlika u smjeru pozitivnog stava [p=0,044], procjeni mogućnosti da osobe s invaliditetom imaju djecu [p=0,048] i percepciji stresa u radu s osobama s invaliditetom [p=0,014]. U tom području uočene razlike statistički su značajne. Ključne riječi: osobe s invaliditetom · medicinska sestra · stav Kratki naslov: Medicinske sestre i osobe s invaliditetom Abstract Aim: The goal of this paper is to examine the attitudes of nurses towards people with disabilities, as well as to determine if there is a difference in attitude of those who take care of people with disabilities every day and those who do that less often. Methods: The research included 50 examinees. By using the Likert scale, the comparative analysis of the distribution of the frequencies and the t-test, the difference of nurses in the attitude towards people with disabilities inthe Centre for rehabilitation in Sv. Filip i Jakov and the General hospital Zadar is being examined. Results: The results of this research show indecisive attitudes of the nurses towards people with disabilities who have a tendency to be positively oriented. There is no statistically significant difference between the institutions. But it can be noticed that there is a difference between the institutions in regards to positive attitude [p=0,044], the estimation of the possibility that people with disabilities have children [p=0,048] and the perception of stress in the work with people with disabilities [p=0,014]. In that field the noticed differences are statistically significant.