Marilene Lorizio

Efficiency of Justice and Economic Systems

Abstract The growth of an economy depends not only on economic factors, but also on institutions, the citizens’ trust in them, by the sharing of values and expectations. The differences between public policies and institutions are often regarded as one of the key explanations of the wide differences in levels and growth rates of per capita across countries. Among the institutions that have the greatest impact on economic performance, the legal and judicial system plays a prominent role. Understanding how laws and regulations affect economic behaviour is fundamental in modern economies and the economy facilitates the identification of those that are, in each country system, the incentives to the litigation, the process of litigation itself and the costs, in order to verify the distributive impact of the different legal and judicial systems and what features they should have to encourage economic growth. The operation of a legal system may impact on many dimensions of development: equity, the optimal allocation of resources, and the increase in total factor productivity. Moreover, the role of the judicial system in determining its dysfunctions can affect economic growth. In fact, Italian economic growth has been and is definitely hampered by the length as well as by the civil and criminal justice processes, which reduces legal certainty and confidence, increases the risk of economic activities and therefore reduces the propensity to invest. The Italian judicial system has many efficiency and organization problems, resulting in a lack of its credibility. These are very intricate, and are the product of a mixture of features that are very difficult to isolate. The aim of this work is to assess the ways in which the administration of justice in Italy influences the choices and behaviours of the two main economic actors - households and businesses - analysing if there is any (a) symmetry in their preferences. In fact, there are many factors that determine the failure of Italian justice, and among these also the users of the justice services produce a collapse in justice system when they take legal actions only for postponing a payment or avoiding an obligation. Thus, the source of the problem and its resolution could be identified in the distorted incentives generated by all of the rules connected with the process.

Tourism: A Service Sector

The tourism sector is a large and fast growing industry able to generate several potential benefits for the whole economy both at local and national level. In recent years new forms of tourism (labelled as alternative) have emerged. Among these, rural tourism plays an important role due to its influence on the development of local communities. Tourism is an economic sector in which a high degree of entrepreneurial involvement is required. Moreover in order to compete worldwide, both entrepreneurship and networking emerge as key features of successful tourism provision. The aim of this discussion is to highlight the role of these features with particular reference to their influence on achieving a robust and resilient performance of the tourism sector that is required in the present economic crisis.

Resilient SMES, Institutions and Justice. Evidence in Italy

Abstract The recent financial crisis (2008) seriously affected the credibility of European and Italian institutions. It was also characterized by a general pessimism and low expectations of economic operators, especially firms. In literature, relationships between the quality of institutions and economic activities have been widely investigated. They show how the judicial system, the regulatory authorities and governance are important aspects for the quality of institutions. The main conclusion of existing literature, or the necessity of a reform of judicial system, is the basis of this work. Thus, here there is an attempt to investigate the performances of the judicial system, considering the low and poor level of its effects on firms’ performances. In particular, in this work, there is a simple empirical analysis (data paucity is the big limit) in order to investigate the consequences of an efficient, long-time justice on resilient firms’ confidence and perspective. Those resilient firms, able to overcome the financial crisis, show their ability in surviving, even if justice doesn’t help them.

Management in Healthcare System: A Case Study

The aim of this work is to investigate the efficiency level of healthcare system in Apulia. This is a study design; in fact, peculiar and objective efficiency index is built with ISTAT data from most of territorial healthcare structures (public, non-profit and private). This coefficient is calculated to compare with more generic and traditional indexes. Moreover, a forward analysis is conducted for the selected period and for the investigated structures, using directly perceived Data (2013-2015). One of the principal findings is that it could be possible to identify the gap of the single structure (public, non-profit and private) and of the healthcare system. Moreover, this study puts in evidence some gaps of the public management system.

Entrepreneurship and Network

The aim of this study is to appraise the role of entrepreneurial networking. The opportunity of operating in a net could be, for all the entrepreneurs involved, both the opportunity for gaining and developing at the level of a single productive unit or the way of sharing risk. Moreover, I believe that the entrepreneurial process could benefit from the advantages deriving from the creation and strengthening of the linkages among networking entrepreneurs. This is evident in Italy where networking entrepreneurship favours the familial dimension as it is the most suitable form for emerging and competing. This is particularly true in the agricultural and tourism sectors, traditionally characterized by local, family and social networks.

The New Path of Agriculture

Agriculture has recently evolved, increasing its functions and its role. It has also seen the implementation of multiple innovations. The agricultural sector can primarily implement innovations in its processes. In Italy the most important innovation is the organization of farms into networks. This is principally the result of a different and new entrepreneurship, typical of young Italian farmers. These new organizational processes are the most obvious indicator of the emergence of a “new” paradigm in agriculture, which highlights the social impact and the ethical content of agricultural activity. There is a “new” vision of a “new” socially responsible multifunctional farm, which society also associates with as the provider of public goods. As such, it is protected and financed by the state. In spite of its historical limitations, Italian agriculture more often than not tends to present a united front in its dealings with other sectors. Agriculture has also shown to be more resilient and able to cope better with the current crisis than many other sectors.