Marinaldo Ferreira Pinto

Características da chuva e perdas por erosão sob diferentes práticas de manejo do solo

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the relation between erosivity index and the rainfall pattern associated with different kinds of soil preparation and cover with erosion losses in a Red Yellow Argisol. The experiment was conducted in five soil loss experimental plots of 3.5 x 22.0 m, with the following treatments: conventional tillage (plowing plus disking) in contour lines and sowing the velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and corn (Zea mays L.); conventional tillage (plowing plus disking) in slope line and sowing of corn, conventional tillage (plowing plus disking) in slope line and without soil cover. The results showed that soil loss was more affected by different treatments than water loss; the treatments sun hemp and corn sowed in slope line were those that presented, respectively, the smaller and the larger soil and water losses; and the precipitation events characterized as advanced, intermediate and delayed patterns were responsible for 62.6, 11.8 and 25.6% of the water losses and for 35.1, 6.6 and 58.3% of the soil losses, respectively.

Erosão hídrica em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, sob diferentes padrões de chuva simulada

This study was carried out in order to determine the soil, water and nutrient losses in a Yellow-Red Ultisol, under four different patterns of simulated rainfall. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Agrobiologia experimental field, located in the municipality of Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study consisted in the application of simulated rains using variable rainfall intensity classified in different patterns as: advanced (AD), intermediate (IN), delayed (DE), and constant (CT), in plots 0.8 m wide and 1.0 m long. The rain had a duration of 60 min, with a total applied depth of 30 mm, and a peak of 110 mm h-1, for the variable intensity patterns. With the results obtained it was possible to verify that after 60 min of simulated DE pattern provided losses higher than CT, AD and IN, in 61.6, 46.4 and 13.6%, respectively (soil), and 42.0, 19.0 and 19.0% (run-off), respectively, for the AD, IN and CT patterns; and the nutrients losses did not differ among the rainfall patterns, being more affected by water run-off than solid material in suspension.