Marinéia de Lara Haddad

BIOLOGY, THERMAL REQUIREMENTS, AND ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENERATIONS OF ZAPRIONUS INDIANUS (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE) FOR THE MAIN FIG PRODUCING REGIONS OF BRAZIL

Abstract The African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus, was first recorded in fig orchards in Brazil in 1999, at the Valinhos region, in the State of São Paulo. In view of the scarcity of biological data on this insect in Brazil, the objective of this research was to study the biology, temperature requirements, and to estimate the number of Z. indianus annual generations for the main fig producing regions of Brazil, aimed at controlling the pest. The insects were reared on artificial diet at constant temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32°C, relative humidity 80 ± 10%, and 14-h photophase. Duration of the development stages was variable with temperature, being longer at the lower temperatures. Temperature also influenced viability during the larval and pupal stages and the egg-adult biological cycle, with significant differences between 32°C and the other temperature conditions. The lower temperature development threshold (TT) and thermal constant (K) values for the egg, larval, and pupal stages were 9.7 and 10.5; 9.2 and 148.6, and 10.7°C and 66.25 DD, respectively, for a total thermal constant of 262.2 DD for the egg-adult biological cycle. Based on a lower temperature development threshold of 7.9°C., Z. indianus may have up to 16.6, 12.4, and 12.7 annual generations in the regions of Valinhos-SP, Pelotas-RS, and São Sebastião do Paraíso-MG, respectively, which are traditionally known as fig producing regions in the country.

Modelo do fluxo biológico do fósforo de fontes de fosfato em suínos, usando o 32P como marcador

The experiment was designed to simulate the mathematical models that relate to the phophorus (P) flow, considering the hypotheses that the endogenous phosphorus from digestive tract was absorbed in the same proportion of the dietary phosphorus and that the input and output flow of this mineral in the compartments was constant. The variables absorption, retention, endogenous P that returns to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), dietary absorbed P, accretion, reabsorption and balance of P in bone and in soft tissues and P from bone and soft tissue and from the total absorbed that returns to GIT, in growing pigs fed diets containing P from different phosphate sources were evaluate. The model was deterministic and compartmental, in which the GTI (C1), bones (C2) and soft tissues, liver heart, kidney and muscle, (C3) represented the compartments. The information on metabolism and kinetics of the P in tissues obtained by isotopic dilution technique was used. It was concluded that: the hypotheses established in the model were coherent and the obtained values were adjusted to the P flow in pigs; the variables P intake, endogenous P that return to the GIT, P retention, dietary absorbed P, accretion, reabsorption and balance of P from bone and soft tissues and P from total absorbed that returned to the GIT were not influenced by the P from the phosphates sources; the dietary phosphorus could interfere on P distribution in the tissues after the process of absorption of that mineral; the P from total absorbed that return to the GIT was proportional to P intake.

The Effects of Host, Geographic Origin, and Gender on the Thermal Requirements of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

ABSTRACT Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the vector of the bacteria that causes citrus greening and is considered one of the worlds most important citrus diseases. We examined how host, geographic region, and gender affect the thermal requirements of D. citri. The insects were reared in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH, and a 14 h photophase. Host plants for D. citri included orange (Citrus sinensis [Rutaceae]) varieties Pêra and Natal, the rootstock, Rungpur lime (C. limonia [Rutaceae]) and the natural host, Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata [Rutaceae]). To study the influence of geographic origin on thermal requirements, we studied D. citri populations from Piracicaba, SP (warmer region) and Itapetininga, SP (cooler region). The duration and survival of the development stages and the duration of the total development (egg-adult) did not differ significantly on the different hosts, but it did vary with temperature. Nymphs of D. citri created on the different hosts have the same thermal requirements. The thermal requirements for this species collected from the two climate regions were identical; males and females also had the same thermal requirements.

Biologia da mosca-megra-dos-citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), em três plantas hospedeiras

The citrus blackfloy, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, was detected in Brazil in 2001. The aim of this research was to evaluate the biology, biometry and host preference of A. woglumi in sweet orange, acid lime Tahiti and mango. Experiments were set in laboratory conditions with insects collected in rangpur lime plants in Manaus, State of Amazonas, from January to June of 2006. The following parameters were evaluated: number of spirals (ovopositions) and eggs per plant, number of eggs by spiral per plant, survival of the immatures (eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars), and length and survival of the immature stage. The mean embrionary period was 15 days for the three hosts. The 4th nymph (puparium) was the longest during nymph development. Second and third instars had the highest survival. The mean length of the egg-adult cycle was 70 days for the three hosts evaluated. The eggs were laid in a spiral shape on the adaxial leaf surface. The 1st instars moved to short distances from the spiral, while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th are sessile and have bristles on the whole body. Based on the highest oviposition and the highest survival of the immature stage of the citrus blackfloy in acid lime Tahiti, this plant can be considered the most suitable host to A. woglumi.

Danos causados por diferentes densidades de larvas de Cerotoma arcuatus em plantas de soja

Cerotoma arcuatus Olivier is one of the chrysomelids that most damage legumes. This work was carried out to evaluate at greenhouse the direct damages caused by different larval densities to soybean plants in two stages of development. There was no interaction between infestation season and larvae number, however damages were more severe when the infestation occurred eight days after emergence than at 20 days after emergence. Above 30 larvae infestation there was significant reduction in all parameters, indicating that the threshold is below this value.

Metabolismo do fósforo em eqüinos. 2. Efeitos de diferentes níveis de fósforo dietético

ABSTRACT - This experiment was designed to adjust the biomathematical models of the phosphorus (P) flow between thephysiologic or anatomical compartments of horses and to evaluate the P absorption and availability in horses, fed diets with di fferentP levels from dicalcium phosphate. The model, deterministic and compartimental, was adapted of Aubert and Milhaud, in which thedigestive tract and the bone and soft tissues represented the compartments in bi-directional flow with the blood. The informati ons onmetabolism and kinetic of P in tissues obtained by the isotopic dilution technique were used. It was verified that the P levels from dietsdon’t influence the changes of P between the blood and digestive tract; the P accretion in the bones and soft tissues tend to i ncrease withthe elevation of the levels of P, happening the inverse with the P re-sorption; the true absorption and P excreted in the feces and P balancein the bone and soft tissues in horse are positively related with the P dietary levels from dicalcium phosphate; the increase o f supplementalP in diets containing dicalcium phosphate does not interfere in the P biological availability in horse.Key Words: foals, metabolism, phosphate, radio phosphorus