Mário Antônio Sanches

Vulnerabilidade moral: leitura das exclusões no contexto da bioética

This article proposes the discussion of human vulnerability, pointing out that the discussion of social and existential vulnerability is not enough to understand certain situations of discrimination and exclusion to which some people are submitted. It is a theoretical review of the studied subject, with an interdisciplinary approach, as it is used in bioethics. The literature on bioethics already shows the distinction between being vulnerable, an element of human condition and living a situation of specific vulnerability. Being involved in a vulnerable situation indicates the so called ‘social vulnerability’. However, there are situations where the condition of vulnerability of some people is explicitly built from moral, cultural and theoretical elements, that are explicitly espoused and defended. The article approaches the concept of ‘moral vulnerability’ within the framework of bioethics, as a key to understand exclusion and discrimination to which some groups are presently submitted, especially black people, women and homosexuals.This article proposes the discussion of human vulnerability, pointing out that the discussion of social and existential vulnerability is not enough to understand certain situations of discrimination and exclusion to which some people are submitted. It is a theoretical review of the studied subject, with an interdisciplinary approach, as it is used in bioethics. The literature on bioethics already shows the distinction between being vulnerable, an element of human condition and living a situation of specific vulnerability. Being involved in a vulnerable situation indicates the so called ‘social vulnerability’. However, there are situations where the condition of vulnerability of some people is explicitly built from moral, cultural and theoretical elements, that are explicitly espoused and defended. The article approaches the concept of ‘moral vulnerability’ within the framework of bioethics, as a key to understand exclusion and discrimination to which some groups are presently submitted, especially black people, women and homosexuals.

Planificación familiar: ¿de qué estamos hablando?

Abordamos a tematica do planejamento familiar no contexto da bioetica, considerando suas diversas perspectivas. Compreendemos que algumas expressoes implicam uma visao mais ampla da problematica estudada, enquanto outras refletem uma concepcao fragmentada da realidade, e que disso decorrem algumas dificuldades de avancar nessa importante area da saude no Brasil. Defendemos que a expressao “planejamento da parentalidade” representa uma agenda mais aberta, propria de uma sociedade pluralista, por compreender que em nossos dias tornou-se necessario pensar filhos que nascam desejados e pais que estejam preparados. Isso implica lidar com conflitos inerentes a esse duplo enfoque: o melhor interesse da mae e da crianca. Discutimos sobre a congruencia desses interesses, por acreditar que usualmente a mae quer o melhor para seu filho e que nenhuma sociedade deseja o aborto por si mesmo. Assim, concluimos identificando oito pontos indicativos de um planejamento da parentalidade mais responsavel e condizente com o interesse mutuo.The present study addresses the issue of family planning in the context of bioethics, considering its different perspectives. We understand that some expressions apply a broader view of the problem studied, while oth ers reflect a fragmented view of reality, and that as a result some difficulties arise in advancing this important area of health in Brazil. We propose that the term “planning of parenting” represents a more open agenda, intrinsic to a pluralistic society, by understanding that today it has become necessary to think of children who are wanted and parents who are prepared. This involves dealing with conflicts inherent to this dual approach: the best interests of the child and the mother. We discussed the congruence of these interests based on the belief that usually the mother wants the best for her children, and that no society wants abortion in itself. Therefore, we conclude by identifying eight points that are indicative of responsible planning of parenting and which is consistent with the common interest.

Family planning: what are we talking about?

Abordamos a tematica do planejamento familiar no contexto da bioetica, considerando suas diversas perspectivas. Compreendemos que algumas expressoes implicam uma visao mais ampla da problematica estudada, enquanto outras refletem uma concepcao fragmentada da realidade, e que disso decorrem algumas dificuldades de avancar nessa importante area da saude no Brasil. Defendemos que a expressao “planejamento da parentalidade” representa uma agenda mais aberta, propria de uma sociedade pluralista, por compreender que em nossos dias tornou-se necessario pensar filhos que nascam desejados e pais que estejam preparados. Isso implica lidar com conflitos inerentes a esse duplo enfoque: o melhor interesse da mae e da crianca. Discutimos sobre a congruencia desses interesses, por acreditar que usualmente a mae quer o melhor para seu filho e que nenhuma sociedade deseja o aborto por si mesmo. Assim, concluimos identificando oito pontos indicativos de um planejamento da parentalidade mais responsavel e condizente com o interesse mutuo.The present study addresses the issue of family planning in the context of bioethics, considering its different perspectives. We understand that some expressions apply a broader view of the problem studied, while oth ers reflect a fragmented view of reality, and that as a result some difficulties arise in advancing this important area of health in Brazil. We propose that the term “planning of parenting” represents a more open agenda, intrinsic to a pluralistic society, by understanding that today it has become necessary to think of children who are wanted and parents who are prepared. This involves dealing with conflicts inherent to this dual approach: the best interests of the child and the mother. We discussed the congruence of these interests based on the belief that usually the mother wants the best for her children, and that no society wants abortion in itself. Therefore, we conclude by identifying eight points that are indicative of responsible planning of parenting and which is consistent with the common interest.

Planejamento familiar: do que estamos falando?

Abordamos a tematica do planejamento familiar no contexto da bioetica, considerando suas diversas perspectivas. Compreendemos que algumas expressoes implicam uma visao mais ampla da problematica estudada, enquanto outras refletem uma concepcao fragmentada da realidade, e que disso decorrem algumas dificuldades de avancar nessa importante area da saude no Brasil. Defendemos que a expressao “planejamento da parentalidade” representa uma agenda mais aberta, propria de uma sociedade pluralista, por compreender que em nossos dias tornou-se necessario pensar filhos que nascam desejados e pais que estejam preparados. Isso implica lidar com conflitos inerentes a esse duplo enfoque: o melhor interesse da mae e da crianca. Discutimos sobre a congruencia desses interesses, por acreditar que usualmente a mae quer o melhor para seu filho e que nenhuma sociedade deseja o aborto por si mesmo. Assim, concluimos identificando oito pontos indicativos de um planejamento da parentalidade mais responsavel e condizente com o interesse mutuo.The present study addresses the issue of family planning in the context of bioethics, considering its different perspectives. We understand that some expressions apply a broader view of the problem studied, while oth ers reflect a fragmented view of reality, and that as a result some difficulties arise in advancing this important area of health in Brazil. We propose that the term “planning of parenting” represents a more open agenda, intrinsic to a pluralistic society, by understanding that today it has become necessary to think of children who are wanted and parents who are prepared. This involves dealing with conflicts inherent to this dual approach: the best interests of the child and the mother. We discussed the congruence of these interests based on the belief that usually the mother wants the best for her children, and that no society wants abortion in itself. Therefore, we conclude by identifying eight points that are indicative of responsible planning of parenting and which is consistent with the common interest.