Mario Enrique Rojas-Russell

Las unidades de hemodiálisis en México: una evaluación de sus características, procesos y resultados

OBJETIVO. Evaluar las caracteristicas, procesos y resultados, asi como, la estructura de una muestra de unidades de hemodialisis (UH) en Mexico. Material y metodos. Estudio transversal en 83 UH publicas y privadas del pais. Las UH fueron estratificadas, de acuerdo con el puntaje obtenido, en cinco categorias: muy buena, buena, regular, mala y muy mala. Resultados. El 48% de las UH se clasificaron en las categorias mala y muy mala y atendieron 58% de los pacientes. El promedio de sesiones/paciente en los seis meses evaluados fue de 1.2 por semana. El 46.5% de las sesiones con determinacion de Kt/V reportaron valores inferiores al valor recomendado (Kt/V≥1.2). En infraestructura, tres cuartas partes de las unidades obtuvieron puntajes menores a 70%. Conclusiones. La mitad de las unidades de hemodialisis no cumplieron los criterios de proceso y resultado establecidos por el Consejo de Salubridad de la Secretaria de Salud.

Sistema de etiquetado frontal de alimentos y bebidas para México: una estrategia para la toma de decisiones saludables

The Mexican Ministry of Health requested the National Institute of Public Health to constitute a group of independent, free of conflict-of-interest academic experts on front-of-pack labelling (FOP). This group was instructed to created a positioning paper to contribute to the development of a FOP system for industrialized products that offers useful information for purchase decision making. This position paper uses the best available scientific evidence, and recommendations from experts of international organizations. The FOP proposal focuses on the contents of energy, nutrients, ingredients and components that if consumed in excess on the diet, can be harmful to peoples health, such as added sugars, sodium, total fat, saturated fat and energy. The academic expert group recommends the implementation of a FOP that provides an easy way to quickly assess the quality of a product. It is essential that this FOP provides direct, simple, visible and easily understandable information.

Seroprevalence of dengue in school children in Mexico ages 6–17 years, 2016

Abstract Background Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in the world. Seroprevalence has been proposed as a marker of endemicity, however, studies are scarce. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, stratified cluster, random sample study to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) in Mexico. The target population was school children ages 6–17 y from 22 endemic states in Mexico, clustered in four regions: Pacific, South-Central, Southeast and Low. Results A total of 2134 subjects provided blood samples for immunoglobulin G antibody detection in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, the seroprevalence of antibodies against DENV was 33.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.5 to 40.1). The Southeast had the highest regional seroprevalence, reaching 70.9% (95% CI 60.3 to 79.7). Seroprevalence was higher in older children in the Southeast region: 62.1% (95% CI 46.9 to 75.2) in children 6–8 y and 82.6% (95% CI 73.8 to 88.9) in 13–17 years old (y). However, this was not consistent in all regions. Seroprevalence was associated with dengue incidence. Conclusions DENV seroprevalence in Mexico was found to be heterogeneous at the country, regional and state levels. Seroprevalence was linked to long-term exposure and did not adequately reflect recent patterns of transmission, suggesting that utilization of a single epidemiological indicator to define endemic regions should be avoided.

Intervención motivacional en psicología de la salud: revisión de sus fundamentos conceptuales, definición, evolución y estado actual

A conceptualization is presented of Motivational Intervention based upon the analysis of occurrences which are part and parcel of the Motivational Process, and some motivational micro-theories are mentioned as well which propose a variety of hypothetical constructs and intervening variables accounting for the course that healthy behavior follows within the lifestyles of people, comprising what is considered to be a Psychological Dimension of Health Promotion and Prevention. An approach to the definition of Motivational Intervention is provided, and to support it and contextualize it, a model of Motivational Formulation is proposed. The topics to which Motivational Intervention has been applied throughout the formal and systematic existence of the concept are described, as well as issues of current theoretical and methodological analyses, by analyzing reports including both terms (Motivational, & Intervention) in the abstracts of indexed publications in the Medline database, between 1991 and 2013.

Diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica como trazador de la capacidad técnica en la atención médica en 20 estados de México

OBJETIVO. Evaluar el conocimiento y la capacidad tecnica de los medicos de primer nivel de atencion en el manejo de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus e hipertension arterial y de pacientes en riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal cronica (ERC) y utilizar la enfermedad terminal de esta ultima como trazador de la calidad de la atencion primaria en el sistema de salud mexicano. MATERIAL Y METODOS. Se realizo un estudio transversal en los servicios de salud de las secretarias de salud en 20 estados de junio a diciembre de 2008. Se construyo un cuestionario con dos casos clinicos. RESULTADOS. El promedio de calificacion de los 149 medicos evaluados fue de 53.7 Los medicos que trabajan en las unidades de mayor tamano tienden a tener mayor antiguedad y obtuvieron las calificaciones mas bajas. CONCLUSION. La utilizacion del diagnostico de la ERC como un trazador permite detectar la capacidad de los medicos en el primer nivel de atencion y el potencial del uso de esta metodologia para evaluar procesos criticos en el sistema de salud.