Mario Monteleone

Terminology and Knowledge Representation. Italian Linguistic Resources for the Archaeological Domain

Knowledge representation is heavily based on using terminology, due to the fact that many terms have precise meanings in a specific domain but not in others. As a consequence, terms becomes unambiguous and clear, and at last, being useful for conceptualizations, are used as a starting point for formalizations. Starting from an analysis of problems in existing dictionaries, in this paper we present formalized Italian Linguistic Resources (LRs) for the Archaeological domain, in which we integrate/couple formal ontology classes and properties into/to electronic dictionary entries, using a standardized conceptual reference model. We also add Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) references in order to guarantee the interoperability between linguistic and language resources, and therefore to represent knowledge.

Decision making support systems for the Archaeological domain: A Natural Language Processing proposal

Using linguistic data, related to phrases and parts of speech (POS) information, could improve decision-making performances. This paper presents an ongoing research that aims to apply Natural Language Processing (NLP) based on Lexicon Grammar (LG) approach to increase information retrieval in the Archaeological domain. In particularly, the main scope of this work is to apply language formalization techniques to describe decision-making and problem-solving processes in the field of Archaeology, in order to formalize an ontology for this domain.

How to Populate Ontologies

The Cultural Heritage (CH) domain brings critical challenges as for the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and ontology population (OP) techniques. Actually, CH embraces a wide range of content, variable by type and properties and semantically interlinked whit other domains.This paper presents an on-going research on language treatment based on Lexicon-Grammar (LG) approach for improving knowledge management in the CH domain. We intend to show how our language formalization technique can be applied for both processing and populating a domain ontology.

Knowledge management and Cultural Heritage repositories: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval strategies

In the last years important initiatives, like the development of the European Library and Europeana, aim to increase the availability of cultural content from various types of providers and institutions. The accessibility to these resources requires the development of environments which allow both to manage multilingual complexity and to preserve the semantic interoperability. The creation of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications is finalized to the achievement of CrossLingual Information Retrieval (CLIR). This paper presents an ongoing research on language processing based on the LexiconGrammar (LG) approach with the goal of improving knowledge management in the Cultural Heritage repositories. The proposed framework aims to guarantee interoperability between multilingual systems in order to overcome crucial issues like cross-language and cross-collection retrieval. Indeed, the LG methodology tries to overcome the shortcomings of statistical approaches as in Google Translate or Bing by Microsoft concerning Multi-Word Unit (MWU) processing in queries, where the lack of linguistic context represents a serious obstacle to disambiguation. In particular, translations concerning specific domains, as it is has been widely recognized, is unambiguous since the meanings of terms are mono-referential and the type of relation that links a given term to its equivalent in a foreign language is biunivocal, i.e. a one-to-one coupling which causes this relation to be exclusive and reversible. Ontologies are used in CLIR and are considered by several scholars a promising research area to improve the effectiveness of Information Extraction (IE) techniques particularly for technical-domain queries. Therefore, we present a methodological framework which allows to map both the data and the metadata among the language-specific onto

NooJ Local Grammars and Formal Semantics: Past Participles vs. Adjectives in Italian

As for past participles (PPs) and adjectives (As), and especially from the point of view of lexicographic descriptions, in Italian we may find a high level of categorial ambiguity. Very often, the words belonging to these two parts of speech (PsOS) are homographs and semantically contiguous. Therefore, when necessary, and in most of their occurrences, it may be useful to automatically parse their correct linguistic functions. Essentially, this is possible only by means of precise syntactic analyses, which must be focused on and applied to both the left and right contexts co-occurring with the propositions to be examined. Such analyses must also infer about all the possible verb antecedents to past participles and adjectives, be they operators, support verbs or simple auxiliary verbs. Therefore, in our article, we intend to use NooJ with the following purposes: Regarding Italian simple words, and at the level of lexicographical description, we will study and define the levels of categorical ambiguity existing between past participles and adjectives; Subsequently, we will define the syntactic pattern in which this ambiguity can be solved; Then, we will describe the construction of a set of local grammars to apply for the disambiguation and correct tagging of these parts of speech; Finally, we will determine the levels of recall and precision of these grammars.