Mario Saltarelli

Sex steroids and the development of the newborn mouse hypothalamus and preoptic area in vitro: III. Effects of estrogen on dendritic differentiation

Gonadal steroids have previously been shown to enhance neuritic outgrowth from mouse preoptic area explants in vitro. To examine effects within the explant proper, dendritic fields of Golgi-stained neurons of estradiol-treated and untreated cultures were compared quantitatively. Neurons of gonadal steroid-treated cultures had significantly more dendrites arising from the cell body. Since bifurcation probability did not differ between the treatments, the primary effect of estradiol treatment appears to be induction of dendritic branches from the soma. This indicates that intra-explant dendrites, like extra-explant neurites, proliferate in response to estradiol treatment and suggests the involvement of hormone-stimulated dendrogenesis in sexual differentiation of the brain.

The Syntax of Imperatives

1. Introduction 2. Imperatives across languages 3. Foundations for an analysis of the imperative clause 4. The syntax of imperative clauses: a performative hypothesis 5. Basque allocutive agreement 6. Conclusion.

On language unity and disunity

A millenary ethnic and cultural history of Italic settlements, Latin hegemonic contact, followed by isolation and external punctuations prior to unification in 1861 under one territorial and legal state created a diverse metalinguistic complex in the Italian peninsula, albeit reflected in extraordinarily rich expression in the arts and sciences as recognized in global society today. In the historicist approach, the role and effects of unity under one state over the last 150 years is recognized in contrast with the prior highly fractured situation as ‘many little states’ under varied (and lingering foreign) influence, including new linguistic (French) and ideological hegemony. The theme of this article deals specifically with the ontology of Italian ‘linguistic identity’ from a human perspective, that personal and group identification that brings us together or divides us in post-modern society toward the quest for linguistic rights as human rights. Owing to the unifying effect (largely achieved) of the Italian language in public schools since unification, the questione della lingua may rise again as an issue. The question is critically revisited in the historical background of Manzoni, the Italian umanesimo and Dante’s De vulgari eloquentia.

The Syntax of Imperatives: List of abbreviations

1. Introduction 2. Imperatives across languages 3. Foundations for an analysis of the imperative clause 4. The syntax of imperative clauses: a performative hypothesis 5. Basque allocutive agreement 6. Conclusion.

The Syntax of Imperatives: Contents

1. Introduction 2. Imperatives across languages 3. Foundations for an analysis of the imperative clause 4. The syntax of imperative clauses: a performative hypothesis 5. Basque allocutive agreement 6. Conclusion.

The Syntax of Imperatives: List of figures

1. Introduction 2. Imperatives across languages 3. Foundations for an analysis of the imperative clause 4. The syntax of imperative clauses: a performative hypothesis 5. Basque allocutive agreement 6. Conclusion.