Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor

Efeitos fetais e maternos do propofol, etomidato, tiopental e anestesia epidural, em cesariana eletivas de cadelas

This work aimed at comparing the anaesthetic inductive effects among drugs such as propofol, etomidate and tiopental as well as the epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine following direct induction in bitches undergone caesarian section and their puppies. For so, 20 bitches and 129 puppies were used and distributed in four groups. group 1 (5 bitches and 39 puppies) the anaesthetic induction was made by using propofol, in group 2 (5 bitches and 25 puppies) by using etomidate, in group 3 (5 bitches and 26 puppies) tiopental and in group 4 (5 groups and 39 puppies) epidural anaesthesia and halothane induction through mask. In all cases, the pre-anaesthetic medication was midazolam in doses of 0.22mg kg-1 via IM, and the anaesthetic maintance with halothane in semi-closed circuit and initial concentration of 3V%. The variables evaluated in the bitches were: rectal temperature, heart rate, breath rate, oxi-hemoglobine saturation (SpO2), and mean blood pressure. For the puppies evaluation, it was measured: heart rate, breath effort, muscular movements, mucus color and reflex irritability and also the SpO2. They were interpreted through the modified Apgar score. The results showed that all the protocols were adequate for the mothers with minimum system effects. For the puppies, the epidure anaesthesia usage following the induction and halothane maintance was superior to the protocols that had used injectable agents in the anaesthetic induction.

Conotoxin MVIIA improves cell viability and antioxidant system after spinal cord injury in rats

This study evaluates whether intrathecal MVIIA injection after spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits neuroprotective effects. The test rats were randomly distributed into six groups— sham, placebo, MVIIA 2.5 μM, MVIIA 5 μM, MVIIA 10 μM, and MVIIA 20 μM—and were administered the treatment four hours after SCI. After the optimal MVIIA dose (MVIIA 10 μM) was defined, the best time for application, one or four hours, was analyzed. Locomotor hind limb function and side effects were assessed. Forty-eight hours after the injury and immediately after euthanasia, spinal cord segments were removed from the test rats. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutamate release were investigated. To examine the MVIIA mechanism of action, the gene expressions of pro-apoptotic (Bax, nNOS, and caspase-3, -8, -9, -12) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xl) factors in the spinal cord tissue samples were determined by real-time PCR, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also investigated. Application of intrathecal MVIIA 10 μM four hours after SCI prompted a neuroprotective effect: neuronal death decreased (22.46%), oxidative stress diminished, pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, nNOS, and caspase-3, -8) were expressed to a lesser extent, and mitochondrial viability as well as anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-xl) expression increased. These results suggested that MVIIA provided neuroprotection through antioxidant effects. Indeed, superoxide dismutase (188.41%), and glutathione peroxidase (199.96%), reductase (193.86%), and transferase (175.93%) expressions increased. Therefore, intrathecal MVIIA (MVIIA 10 μM, 4 h) application has neuroprotective potential, and the possible mechanisms are related to antioxidant agent modulation and to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.