Marion Gottschalk

Towards Applying Reengineering Services to Energy-Efficient Applications

Conserving resources and saving energy has become an important issue for information and communication technology. With increasing adoption of smart phones and tablet PCs, reducing energy consumption in mobile computing is of particular significance. User expectations towards their mobile devices are rising, and functionality is increasing. Accordingly, available energy is made a scarce resource. This paper discusses how software reengineering techniques, like dynamic analysis and refactoring, can be applied to the field of energy-aware computing, to monitor, analyze, and optimize the energy profile of mobile applications and devices.

Using a Use Case Methodology and an Architecture Model for Describing Smart City Functionalities

The development of complex software and hardware systems has increased in recent years. One reason is the continuous development in information and communication technologies sectors that enable a smooth and seamless connection of single components or systems. Another reason is the changed way of life, e.g. urbanization leads to new challenges in city planning to deal with large crowds, high-energy consumption, or big garbage quantities. The future or rather present city planning focuses on the concept of these complex systems alias smart city. Information technologies interconnect smart city components and enable several smart city sub-systems like smart grid, smart building, supply/waste management, smart traffic, smart government etc. A definition of component functionalities and interfaces is needed to demonstrate their interconnections and information flow. Therefore, alternative techniques can be utilized to specify these both component and system requirements.

Supporting the Development of Smart Cities using a Use Case Methodology

Urbanization grows steadily, i.e. more humans live at one place and rural areas are more unpopular. Urbanization faces challenges for city planning and development. Cities have to deal with large crowds, high energy consumption, large quantities of garbage etc. Thus, smart cities have to meet many requirements of different areas. Hence, realizing smart cities can be supported by linking different smart areas, such as smart girds and smart homes, to one large area. The linking is done by information and communication technologies, which are supported through a clear definition of functionalities and interfaces. Smart cities and further smart areas are under development, so, it is difficult to depict an overview on their functionalities, yet. Therefore, the two approaches, use case methodology and integration profiles, are introduced in this work, which are also realized by a web-based application.

Refactorings for Energy-Efficiency

Energy-efficiency is an important topic in information and communication technology and has to be considered for mobile devices, in particular. On the one hand, the environment should be protected by consuming less energy. On the other hand, users are also interested in more functionality of their mobile devices on hardware and software side, and at the same time, longer battery durations are expected. Hence, the energy consumption for mobile devices should be more efficient. This paper shows an approach to save energy on application level on mobile devices. This approach includes the definition, detection, and restructuring of energy-inefficient code parts within apps. Energy savings are validated by different software-based energy measurement techniques.

Structured workflow achieving interoperable smart energy systems

Interoperability is the key to Smart Grids and thereby to enable the energy transmission towards 100% renewable energy sources. The project Integrating the Energy System (IES) Austria adopted the holistic methodology to achieve interoperable systems, established in the medical IT and standardized in ISO DTR 28380–1, for the energy domain. The poster will outline the adopted process and the lessons learned when first trial Integration Profiles were specified and tested at the Connectathon Europe 2018, in The Hague, Netherlands. The methodology is found applicable to Smart Energy systems. Interoperability testing and profile integration validation were successfully implemented. The specification of new Integration Profiles, to be presented and tested at the Connectathon Energy 2019, is in progress.

Future Applications of the Results from the EU Mandate M/490

Within this chapter, we outline the future application of the Use Case Methodology based on IEC 62559 and the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) as results from the EU Mandate M/490 to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. Therefore, an overview of this book is given, in which all findings from this book are summarised . Additionally, next steps are demonstrated for applying the Use Case Methodology and the SGAM in the future.

The Smart Grid Architecture Model – SGAM

Within this chapter, the development and the application of architecture models are introduced on the basis of the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM). First, a definition and the purpose of this architecture model are described. Secondly, the connections to the Use Case Methodology and the IHE profiles are shown. Additionally, the use case example from Sect. 2.3 is demonstrated in the SGAM. Finally, the current status in AAL for an own Use Case Template and architecture model is discussed.

Introduction to the Domains Smart Grid and Active Assisted Living

This chapter provides an overview on the definition of complex systems and their use in various domains. Its focus is on the domains Smart Grid and Active Assisted Living as well as on the motivation for the standardisation in such domains. In addition, an introduction for domain-specific modelling is given to demonstrate the support through the standardisation.

Use Cases – The IEC 62559 Methodology

This chapter deals with the approach of use cases, their properties and a guideline for creating them. The Use Case Methodology and several different types of use cases are introduced. A standardised Use Case Template is presented and its usage is explained with help of an extensive example from the domain of Active Assisted Living. Additionally, the IHE process from the healthcare sector is presented as well as its common features and differences to the Use Case Methodology. Therefore, the standardised Use Case Template is extended through some aspects from the IHE process which provide a more detailed view on the actors’ interfaces.

Tool-Support – A Use Case Management Repository

In this chapter, the development of a Use Case Management Repository (UCMR) and a three-dimensional SGAM visualisation by OFFIS are introduced. Firstly, a part of the requirements specification and the functional design of the UCMR are shown. For this purpose, several functional and non-functional requirements for the UCMR are described as well as visualised by a functional design. Secondly, basic functions of the tool-support are illustrated by the previous use case example Behaviour monitoring system in the kitchen of private households with an own energy storage. The UCMR and the three-dimensional SGAM visualisation are depicted as screen-shots.