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Featured researches published by Maristella Botticini.


The Journal of Economic History | 2005

Jewish Occupational Selection: Education, Restrictions, or Minorities?

Maristella Botticini; Zvi Eckstein

This paper documents the major features of Jewish economic history in the first millennium to explain the distinctive occupational selection of the Jewish people into urban, skilled occupations. We show that many Jews entered urban occupations in the eighth-ninth centuries in the Muslim Empire when there were no restrictions on their economic activities, most of them were farmers, and they were a minority in all locations. Therefore, arguments based on restrictions or minority status cannot explain the occupational transition of the Jews at that time. Our thesis is that the occupational selection of the Jews was the outcome of the widespread literacy prompted by a religious and educational reform in the first century ce, which was implemented in the third to the eighth century. We present detailed information on the implementation of this religious and educational reform in Judaism based on the Talmud, archeological evidence on synagogues, the Cairo Geniza documents, and the Responsa literature. We also provide evidence of the economic returns to Jewish religious literacy.


Journal of the European Economic Association | 2007

FROM FARMERS TO MERCHANTS, CONVERSIONS AND DIASPORA: HUMAN CAPITAL AND JEWISH HISTORY

Maristella Botticini; Zvi Eckstein

From the end of the second century CE, Judaism enforced a religious norm requiring fathers to educate their sons. We present evidence supporting our thesis that this change had a major influence on Jewish economic and demographic history. First, the high individual and community cost of educating children in subsistence farming economies (2nd to 7th centuries) prompted voluntary conversions of Jews that account for a share of the reduction from 4.5 to 1.2 million. Second, the Jewish farmers who invested in education gained the comparative advantage and incentive to enter skilled occupations during the urbanization in the Abbasid empire in the Near East (8th and 9th centuries) and they did select themselves into these occupations. Third, as merchants the Jews invested even more in education—a precondition for the mailing network and common court system that endowed them with trading skills demanded all over the world. Fourth, the Jews generated a voluntary diaspora within the Muslim Empire and later to Western Europe. Fifth, the majority of world Jewry lived in the Near East when the Mongol invasions in the 1250s brought this region back to a subsistence farming economy in which many Jews found it difficult to enforce the religious norm, and hence converted, as it had happened centuries earlier. (JEL: J1, J2, N3, O1, Z12, Z13)


The Journal of Economic History | 1999

A Loveless Economy? Intergenerational Altruism and the Marriage Market in a Tuscan Town, 1415–1436

Maristella Botticini

This article examines the role of dowries and highlights the variables that affected the size of dowries in fifteenth-century Tuscany [Italy]. The estimation which matches the households found in the marriage contracts with the corresponding households in the Florentine Catasto of 1427 offers support for the present net value hypothesis and for the altruism model. Results indicate a positive correlation between a brides dowry size and her age when used as proxy for her contribution to the marital household. Parents also provided their daughters with larger dowries when they married `down into relatively less wealthy or socially prominent households. (EXCERPT)


The Journal of Economic History | 2000

A Tale of “Benevolent” Governments: Private Credit Markets, Public Finance, and the Role of Jewish Lenders in Medieval and Renaissance Italy

Maristella Botticini

This article illustrates the impact of Jewish lenders on private credit markets and public finance in medieval and Renaissance Italian towns. In Tuscan private credit markets, Jewish lending helped households to smooth consumption, buy working capital, and provide dowries for daughters. Jewish lenders also helped the public fmances of the communes in which they resided. This article shows that public-finance considerations affected the choice of the interest-rate ceiling Jews were allowed to charge. In many instances, the communes raised the interest-rate ceiling for Jewish lenders in order to tax or borrow the proceeds.


World Journal of Gastroenterology | 2017

Recurrence in node-negative advanced gastric cancer: Novel findings from an in-depth pathological analysis of prognostic factors from a multicentric series

Gian Luca Baiocchi; Sarah Molfino; Carla Baronchelli; Simone Giacopuzzi; Daniele Marrelli; Paolo Morgagni; Maria Bencivenga; Luca Saragoni; Carla Vindigni; Nazario Portolani; Maristella Botticini; Giovanni de Manzoni

AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for pT2-4aN0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010, who developed recurrence (Group 1). We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer, and compared them with 437 pT2-4aN0 patients without recurrence (Group 2). We analyzed lymphatic embolization, microvascular infiltration, perineural infiltration, and immunohistochemical determination of p53, Ki67, and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2 (Group 2bis) of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics. RESULTS T4a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of pN0 patients. In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of pN0 patients, with and without recurrence during long-term follow-up (groups 1 and 2bis), revealed two striking patterns: lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration (two parameters that pathologists can easily report), and p53 and Ki67, represent significant factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.


The Journal of Economic History | 2002

Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300 1750. By Stephan R. Epstein. London and New York: Routledge, 2000. Pp. 223.

Maristella Botticini

Historians, and especially medievalists, love to show how many primary sources they have read over their many years in the archives. The outcome of this painstaking excavation is often a heavily footnoted, barely digestible book. On the other hand, economists who like to be pseudo historians in their spare time often propose brilliant theories but have never so much as glanced through a primary source. Stephan R. Epsteins book is a fortunate combination of economic analysis mixed with serious archival research, a pleasure for both the economist and the historian.


Carlo Alberto Notebooks | 2006

90.00

Maristella Botticini; Zvi Eckstein


Carlo Alberto Notebooks | 2006

From Farmers to Merchants, Voluntary Conversions and Diaspora: A Human Capital Interpretation of Jewish History

Maristella Botticini; Zvi Eckstein


Explorations in Economic History | 2000

Path Dependence and Occupations

Daniel A. Ackerberg; Maristella Botticini


Archive | 2012

The Choice of Agrarian Contracts in Early Renaissance Tuscany: Risk Sharing, Moral Hazard, or Capital Market Imperfections?

Maristella Botticini; Zvi Eckstein

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Zvi Eckstein

Economic Policy Institute

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Federico Gheza

University of Illinois at Chicago

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