Mariusz Dąbrowski

Association between hearing organ and renal function in young adult type 1 diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study

Type 1 diabetes can lead to impaired function of many organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between hearing and kidney function in young adult type 1 diabetic patients. 31 patients (9 women) with type 1 diabetes, aged <45, with disease duration <10 years were included. Blood and urine samples for laboratory tests and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) assessment were obtained. eGFR was calculated with CKD-EPI formula. In all patients pure-tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses were evaluated, also eye fundus was examined. Mean patients’ age was 29.5 ± 7.0 years and disease duration 4.6 ± 2.6 years. All patients had eGFR > 60.0 ml/min/1.73 m2. In one case microalbuminuria and in 3 patients early retinopathy were revealed. Linear correlation between eGFR and hearing threshold at 4, 6, 8 and 12 kHz was found. Patients with hearing impairment (n = 7) had lower eGFR 108.8 vs. 121.7 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.047 compared to normal-hearing subjects. Also patients with absence of otoacoustic emissions in at least one ear had lower eGFR, 103.1 vs. 123.3 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001, compared to the remaining group. In auditory brainstem responses we found significant linear correlation between eGFR and wave III and interval I-III latencies, and between UAE and waves III, V and interval I-III latencies. This study suggests existence of relationship between hearing and kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients. Pathways directly linking hearing and renal function are unknown. Larger studies are necessary to further analyze these relationships.

Visceral adiposity index as a useful tool for the assessment of cardiometabolic disease risk in women aged 65 to 74

The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is considered to be a reliable indicator of adipose tissue dysfunction and cardiometabolic disease risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate its usefulness in assessing cardiometabolic risk in a sample of elderly women living in a rural‐urban community in central Poland.

Differences in risk factors of malignancy between men and women with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective case-control study

Background The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, case-control study was to identify differences in risk factors of malignancy between men and women with type 2 diabetes. Results Among women the most prevalent malignancies were: breast and uterine cancers (35.6% and 14.4% respectively), while among men there were: colorectal and prostate cancers (24.5% and 13.3% respectively). In both gender metformin use was associated with lower cancer risk. Obesity and insulin treatment in dose-dependent and time-varying manner were associated with significantly increased risk of malignancy in females. In men, unexpectedly, cardiovascular disease was more prevalent in control group. Other variables did not show significant association with malignancy risk. Materials and Methods 118 women and 98 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed cancer after diagnosis of diabetes and the same number of strictly age matched controls with type 2 diabetes and without malignancy were included into the study. Diabetes duration, antidiabetic medications use, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, smoking habits, occupation, presence of comorbidities and aspirin use were included into analyses. Conclusions Metformin demonstrated protective effect against cancer in both sexes. Obesity and insulin treatment seem to have greater impact on cancer risk among women.BACKGROUND The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, case-control study was to identify differences in risk factors of malignancy between men and women with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Among women the most prevalent malignancies were: breast and uterine cancers (35.6% and 14.4% respectively), while among men there were: colorectal and prostate cancers (24.5% and 13.3% respectively). In both gender metformin use was associated with lower cancer risk. Obesity and insulin treatment in dose-dependent and time-varying manner were associated with significantly increased risk of malignancy in females. In men, unexpectedly, cardiovascular disease was more prevalent in control group. Other variables did not show significant association with malignancy risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS 118 women and 98 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed cancer after diagnosis of diabetes and the same number of strictly age matched controls with type 2 diabetes and without malignancy were included into the study. Diabetes duration, antidiabetic medications use, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, smoking habits, occupation, presence of comorbidities and aspirin use were included into analyses. CONCLUSIONS Metformin demonstrated protective effect against cancer in both sexes. Obesity and insulin treatment seem to have greater impact on cancer risk among women.

Antidiabetic medications use and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes

Introduction. The risk of several types of cancer is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Impact of antidiabetic medications on this risk is still a matter of controversies. The aim of our observational study was to evaluate the risk of cancer occurrence associated with the most frequently used antidiabetic agents. Material and methods. 213 patients (118 women) with T2DM who developed cancer while treated for diabetes and 213 subjects with T2DM without cancer, matched by age and gender in a 1:1 case-control manner were included. Date of cancer diagnosis was considered as index time, and for each comparator data from the same calendar time were used. Results. Both in the univariate and in multiple logistic regression analysis metformin use was associated with reduced cancer risk, while elevated risk associated with insulin use was significant only in univariate but not in multiple logistic regression analysis. Insulin and sulfonylurea derivatives in monotherapy were associated with significantly higher cancer risk compared to metformin monotherapy, while in combination with metformin this risk was attenuated to non-significant level. Conclusion. Our study suggests protective effect of metformin and potentially negative impact of insulin and sulfonylurea derivatives on cancer risk. These findings should be interpreted with caution, due to relatively small study group. Nevertheless, to minimize cancer risk associated with antidiabetic medications’ use, metformin should be continued as long as medically acceptable and it should be combined with insulin or SU to neutralize risk associated with using either of the latter drugs in monotherapy.

Association of food choices during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

Introduction. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is continuously increasing worldwide. Nutritional factors are considered to play important role in GDM development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess a relationship between frequency of consuming particular foods and GDM. Also pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during gestation, maternal age, pregnancy week at the time of delivery, newborn birthweight, family history of diabetes, educational status and place of residence were included into analysis. Material and methods. Study group consisted of 25 women who developed GDM, while control group consisted of 25 age-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during gestation. All study participants completed the food frequency questionnaire with additional socio-demographic, anthropometric and pregnancy course data. Results. Women with GDM significantly more frequent consumed white bread, white rice, sausages/frankfurters and fast-foods, while they significantly less frequent consumed wholegrain bread, milk, sour dairy products, fruit and vegetables. They had also higher pre-pregnancy BMI, greater weight gain during pregnancy, and their newborns had higher birthweight. Conclusions. Results of our study indicate a crucial role of food choices during pregnancy in GDM development. It also indicate the need for professional dietary advice from the very beginning of gestation or even before conception, and during the entire pregnancy.