Mariusz P. Dąbrowski

Statefinders, higher-order energy conditions and sudden future singularities

We link observational parameters such as the deceleration parameter, the jerk, the kerk (snap) and higher-order derivatives of the scale factor, called statefinders, to the conditions which allow to develop sudden future singularities of pressure with finite energy density. In this context, and within the framework of Friedmann cosmology, we also propose higher-order energy conditions which relate time derivatives of the energy density and pressure which may be useful in general relativity.

The Hubble Diagram of Type Ia Supernovae in Non-Uniform Pressure Universes

We use the redshift-magnitude relation, as derived by Dbrowski, for the two exact non-uniform pressure spherically symmetric Stephani universes with the observer positioned at the center of symmetry in order to test the agreement of these models with recent observations of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SN Ias). By a particular choice of model parameters, we show that these models can give an excellent fit to the observed redshifts and (corrected) B-band apparent magnitudes of the data, but for an age of the universe that is typically about 2 Gyr?and may be more than 3 Gyr?greater than in the corresponding Friedmann model, for which nonnegative values of the deceleration parameter appear to be favored by the data. We show that this age increase is obtained for a wide range of the non-uniform pressure parameters of the Stephani models. We claim that this paper is the first attempt to compare inhomogeneous models of the universe with real astronomical data. Several recent calibrations of the Hubble parameter from the Hubble diagram of SN Ias and other distance indicators indicate a value of H0 65 and a Hubble time of ~15 Gyr. Based on this value for H0 and assuming ? ? 0, the data would imply a Friedmann age of at most 13 Gyr and in fact a best-fit (for q0 = 0.5) age of only 10 Gyr. Our Stephani models, on the other hand, can give a good fit to the data with an age of up to 15 Gyr. The Stephani models considered here could, therefore, significantly alleviate the conflict between recent cosmological and astrophysical age predictions. The choice of model parameters is quite robust: in order to obtain a good fit to the current data, one requires only that the non-uniform pressure parameter a in one of the models be negative and satisfy |a| 3 km2 s-2 Mpc-1. This limit gives a value for the acceleration scalar of order | |0.66?10 -->?10r Mpc-1, where r is the radial coordinate in the model. Thus, although the pressure is not zero at the center of symmetry, r = 0, the effect of acceleration is nondetectable at the center, since the acceleration scalar vanishes there. However, the effect of the nonuniform pressure on the redshift-magnitude relation is clearly seen, since neighboring galaxies are not situated at the center, and they necessarily experience acceleration. By allowing slightly larger negative values of a one may fine-tune the model to give an even better fit to the data.

Regularizing cosmological singularities by varying physical constants

Varying physical constant cosmologies were claimed to solve standard cosmological problems such as the horizon, the flatness and the Λ-problem. In this paper, we suggest yet another possible application of these theories: solving the singularity problem. By specifying some examples we show that various cosmological singularities may be regularized provided the physical constants evolve in time in an appropriate way.

Gibbons-Hawking boundary terms and junction conditions for higher-order brane gravity models

We derive the most general junction conditions for the fourth-order brane gravity constructed of arbitrary functions of curvature invariants. We reduce these fourth-order theories to second order theories at the expense of introducing new scalar and tensor fields - the scalaron and the tensoron. In order to obtain junction conditions we apply the method of generalized Gibbons-Hawking boundary terms which are appended to the appropriate actions. After assuming the continuity of the scalaron and the tensoron on the brane, we recover junction conditions for such general brane universe models previously obtained by different methods. The derived junction conditions can serve studying the cosmological implications of the higher-order brane gravity models.

Cosmological tests of sudden future singularities

We discuss combined constraints, coming from the cosmic microwave background shift parameter R, the baryon acoustic oscillations distance parameter A, and from the latest type Ia supernovae data, imposed on cosmological models which allow sudden future singularities of pressure. We show that due to their weakness such sudden singularities may happen in the very near future and that at present they can mimic standard dark energy models.

Probing the constancy of the speed of light with future galaxy survey: The case of SKA and Euclid

In [V. Salzano, M. P. D\k{a}browski, and R. Lazkoz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 101304 (2015)] a new method to measure the speed of light through baryon acoustic oscillations was introduced. Here, we describe in much more detail the theoretical basis of that method and its implementation, and we give some newly updated results about its application to forecast data. In particular, we show that SKA will be able to detect a 1% variation (if any) in the speed of light at the

LIGHT CURVES OF RELATIVISTIC CHARGED NEUTRON STAR

3\ensuremath{\sigma}

Redshift drift test of exotic singularity universes

level. Smaller signals will be hardly detectable by already-planned future galaxy surveys, but we give indications of what sensitivity requirements a survey should fulfill in order to be successful.

Varying constant cosmologies and cosmic singularities

Gravitational lensing properties and the influence of the electric charge on the light curves of a slowly rotating neutron star whose exterior is described by the Reissner-Nordström metric are considered. The polar cap emission model is assumed. No effect of the magnetosphere except for its possible contribution to the total charge is taken into account. In general, the lensing effect is reduced by the charge and the light curves become more similar to those typical in flat space rather than to the Schwarzschild spacetime.

Time-symmetrization and isotropization of an anisotropic cosmological model without inflation

We discuss how dynamical dark energy universes with exotic singularities may be distinguished from the standard