Mark R. Ferguson

Congenital Lung Abnormalities: Embryologic Features, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Postnatal Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Congenital lung abnormalities are being detected more frequently at routine high-resolution prenatal ultrasonography. The most commonly encountered anomalies include lung agenesis-hypoplasia complex (pulmonary underdevelopment), congenital pulmonary airway malformations, congenital lobar overinflation, bronchial atresia, bronchogenic cysts, congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, scimitar syndrome, and bronchopulmonary sequestration. Recognizing the antenatal and postnatal imaging features of these abnormalities is necessary for optimal prenatal counseling and appropriate peri- and postnatal management. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.306105508/-/DC1.

Pediatric ovarian torsion: a pictorial review.

Imaging is crucial in expediting the diagnosis and guiding definitive therapy in children with ovarian torsion. This article reviews the multimodality spectrum of imaging findings in pediatric ovarian torsion, focusing primarily on US appearances. We describe predisposing conditions that can lead to torsion, the pathological basis of the radiologic findings in ovarian torsion, and the common diagnostic pitfalls.

A cross sectional study of two independent cohorts identifies serum biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)

Measuring the severity and progression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is particularly challenging because muscle weakness progresses over long periods of time and can be sporadic. Biomarkers are essential for measuring disease burden and testing treatment strategies. We utilized the sensitive, specific, high-throughput SomaLogic proteomics platform of 1129 proteins to identify proteins with levels that correlate with FSHD severity in a cross-sectional study of two independent cohorts. We discovered biomarkers that correlate with clinical severity and disease burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-eight proteins in the Rochester cohort (n = 48) and 51 proteins in the Seattle cohort (n = 30) had significantly different levels in FSHD-affected individuals when compared with controls (p-value ≤ .005). A subset of these varied by at least 1.5 fold and four biomarkers were significantly elevated in both cohorts. Levels of creatine kinase MM and MB isoforms, carbonic anhydrase III, and troponin I type 2 reliably predicted the disease state and correlated with disease severity. Other novel biomarkers were also discovered that may reveal mechanisms of disease pathology. Assessing the levels of these biomarkers during clinical trials may add significance to other measures of quantifying disease progression or regression.

Fetal tumors: imaging features

Although fetal tumors are rare, the prognostic and decision-making implications are substantial. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to highlight the most common tumors encountered during fetal imaging and to discuss the respective typical imaging findings. When appropriate, limited additional information regarding further considerations for patient care will be included.

Liver and heart MR relaxometry in iron loading: Reproducibility of three methods

To compare the derived T2* values and reproducibility of three methods used to assess iron‐loading in heart and liver.

Cardiac MRI in Muscular Dystrophy: An Overview and Future Directions

Cardiac complications are a common feature of many muscular dystrophies. Although many modalities (eg, ultrasound) provide exceptional efficacy for early diagnosis, repeated monitoring, and therapeutic management, MRI has become the gold standard for anatomic and functional characterization. An increasing number of studies, especially in the dystrophinopathies, use strain imaging to evaluate function. This article summarizes these studies and attempts to integrate an understanding of other relevant cardiac features (eg, fibrosis) into interpreting this work. Finally, a general roadmap forward is provided as these tools are increasingly used for treatment assessment and tactical patient management in the future.

Peer Review: Lessons Learned in A Pediatric Radiology Department

The purpose of this article is to illustrate types of diagnostic errors and feedback given to radiologists, using cases to support and clarify these categories. A comment-enhanced peer review system may be leveraged to generate a comprehensive feedback categorization scheme. These include errors of observation, errors of interpretation, inadequate patient data gathering, errors of communication, interobserver variability, informational feedback, and compliments. Much of this feedback is captured through comments associated with interpretative agreements.

Multimodality Thoracic Imaging of Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis: Emphasis on Clinical Correlation and High-Resolution CT of Pulmonary Fibrosis

OBJECTIVE. Juvenile systemic sclerosis is a rare multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by vasculopathy and multiorgan fibrosis. Cardiopulmonary complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although pulmonary fibrosis is the complication that is most common and well described, cardiovascular and esophageal involvement may also be observed. In this article, common thoracic findings in juvenile systemic sclerosis will be discussed. We will focus on chest CT, including CT findings of pulmonary fibrosis and associated grading methods, as well as cardiac MRI and esophageal imaging. CONCLUSION. Radiologists play a pivotal role in the initial diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of pediatric patients with systemic sclerosis. Treatment decisions and prognostic assessment are directly related to imaging findings along with clinical evaluation.

Quantitative MRI reveals decelerated fatty infiltration in muscles of active FSHD patientsAuthor Response

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Myocarditis masquerading as acute coronary syndrome: diagnostic role of cardiac MRI

Background Myocarditis presenting as isolated acute chest pain with elevated troponins but normal systolic function by echocardiogram is rare in previously healthy children. Diagnosis is challenging in this situation with significant drawbacks even for the gold standard endomyocardial biopsy. Our study aim is to evaluate the diagnostic role of cardiac MRI in comparison with echocardiography in these patients.