Marleen Renders

The Failing State. What Has Clan Got to Do With It

What is referred to as clanship today is a gruesome mutant of clanship in precolonial times. This chapter aims to shed light on the intertwined development of state and clanship - first in the British Protectorate of Somaliland and then in Somalia at large. It shows how state and clan came to matter as political capital in the competition for power, a competition that under Siyyad Barres military regime ultimately resulted in a violent and exclusive system of clan-based patronage and political control, to a large extent propped up and fuelled by foreign aid. Britains reasons for establishing their Somaliland Protectorate defined the way they handled and administered it: with minimum cost and personnel, and preferably through local authorities. During the Cold War the Soviet Union and the United States at times provided military aid to the Somali regime. Keywords:clanship; Cold War; precolonial times; Siyyad Barre; Somaliland Protectorate

Introduction: Places That Do Not Exist

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

Looking Like a Proper State

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

Clan Elders and the Forging of a Hybrid State

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

Claiming the Eastern Borderlands

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

Somaliland as a Model for Building Proper States

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

Challenging Received Notions of Statehood, State Failure and State-Building

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.

“At the Centre of Peace and War”: Pragmatic State Building Under the Egal Government, 1993–1997

Can ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions help to build more legitimate, accountable and effective governments in polities or ‘states’ under (re)construction? This book investigates the fascinating case of “Somaliland”, the 20-year old non-recognized state which emerged from Somalia’s conflict and state collapse.