Marlene J. Richard

Lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue of the domestic cat (felis domestica)

1. Production of fatty acids, CO2 and glycerol from glucose and acetate was determined in slices of liver and adipose tissue taken from mature cats. 2. Acetate was the predominant carbon source for de novo fatty acid synthesis in both liver and adipose tissue. 3. Fatty acid synthesis occurred at much greater rates in adipose tissue than in liver. 4. Relative lipogenic capacity (ratio of production of long-chain fatty acids and glycerol to oxidation of substrates) was 20 times greater in adipose tissue than in liver with both substrates.

MODE OF CHOLESTEROL INGESTION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN THE YOUNG BOVINE

SUMMARY Varying degrees of atherosclerosis were noted in aortas and coronary arteries of calves fed high-cholesterol diets for 25 weeks. Intimal lipid was more extensive in aortas and circumflex coronary arteries from nonruminating calves fed cholesterol in a highfat, liquid (milk) diet than in arteries from ruminating calves fed cholesterol in low-fat (grain) diet. Cholesterol deposition was coextensive with the intimal lipid. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were higher in calves fed cholesterol in the high-fat, liquid diet but variation in animal response was substantial. Digestibility data indicated that the low amount of fat in the diet of the calves receiving primarily grain depressed absorption of cholesterol. Moreover, exposure of cholesterol to digesta of the ruminoreticulum, as would occur in grain feeding, was shown by in vitro and in vivo observations to enhance degradation of cholesterol.

Effect of soy versus beef diets on blood and tissue cholesterol and body composition of growing swine

Abstract Growing pigs were fed diets, similar in protein and fat content, based on soy protein isolate and soybean oil (soy) or ground beef containing 21% fat (beef). Ground corn, vitamins and minerals completed the diets. Egg yolk was added to balance the intake of cholesterol. No significant differences were seen in total plasma cholesterol or liver cholesterol concentrations. Soy-fed pigs had significantly greater concentrations of cholesterol in the viscera excluding the liver (p Our data show that the soy diet, as compared to the beef diet, increased the proportion of fat in the carcass and increased tissue cholesterol deposition.

Blood plasma lipoprotein and tissue cholesterol of calves fed soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable shortening or tallow☆

The objective of this study was to determine cholesterol content of blood plasma, blood plasma lipoproteins and tissues of calves fed fats of differing compositions. Groups of 2-week-old calves were fed one of the following fats in a reconstituted milk formula: soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable shortening or tallow. The diets contained no dry feed or added cholesterol. Blood plasma cholesterol concentrations increased with time for all groups. After 15 weeks, cholesterol concentrations were greater in the blood, liver and fat of the groups fed soybean oil and corn oil than in those of the groups fed vegetable shortening and tallow. Low density lipoprotein was identified as the carrier of the increased amounts of cholesterol noted in the blood.

Effect of type and amount of dietary fat on concentration of cholesterol in blood plasma and tissues of rabbits

Abstract Rabbits were fed skim milk-based diets containing by weight either 14% soybean oil, 28% soybean oil, 14% tallow or 28% tallow. A control group was fed a commerical stock diet. Plasma cholesterol concentration was monitored for 10 weeks, after which cholesterol concentrations of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, brain, heart, aorta, kidney, skin and intestinal mucosa were determined. Feeding soybean oil diets (relatively high content of polyunsaturated fat by acids) resulted in lesser concentrations of cholesterol in blood plasma than did feeding tallow diets (greater content of saturated fatty acids). Conversely, cholesterol contents were greater in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart, aorta, kidney, skin and intestinal mucosa of rabbits fed soybean oil diets. Cholesterol contents of liver and brain were unaffected by type of dietary fat. Our results demonstrate that the degree of saturation of fat in a milk-based diet of rabbits will influence the partitioning of cholesterol between the blood and several other tissues and organs.

The domestic goat: A useful model to determine effects of diet and exercise on cholesterol accumulation in the body☆

1. Young goats were used to study factors contributing to atherosclerosis. 2. Cholesterol in egg yolk affected plasma cholesterol concentration more than did a similar amount of crystalline cholesterol in the diet. 3. Goats fed high fat diets developed fatty lesions in their aortas. 4. Cholesterol concentration in low-density lipoprotein was greatest in goats fed restricted-calorie diets without exercise, but least in goats fed liberally and exercised. 5. Cholesterol concentration in liver and fat deposition in aorta were greatest in the restricted-calorie, no exercise regime.

Effects of sources of dietary fat and protein on tissue cholesterol

Abstract Dietary variables were soy oil, beef tallow, soy protein, and casein. Dietary combinations were soy oil-soy protein, soy-oil casein, beef tallow-soy protein, and beef tallow-casein, and 96 rats were allotted randomly to the four isocaloric diets. [Crystalline cholesterol was added to standardize each diet at 0.2%.] Two randomly selected rats from each dietary group were killed at 0, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 30, 36, 42, and 48 days on experiment to determine the effects of sources (plant versus animal) of dietary fat and protein on tissue cholesterol concentrations and on cholesterogenesis in liver and small intestine. Feeding soy oil, a polyunsaturated fat, resulted in lower blood cholesterol concentrations, higher liver cholesterol concentrations, and lower intestinal cholesterogenesis than did feeding beef tallow, a saturated fat. Feeding soy protein, a plant protein, resulted in lower blood and liver cholesterol concentrations and less intestinal cholesterogenesis than did feeding casein, an animal protein. Hepatic cholesterogenesis and intestinal tissue cholesterol levels were not affected significantly by diet. Eight rats killed at day 0 had, on the average, lesser plasma cholesterol concentrations and greater rates of intestinal cholesterogenesis than rats fed experimental diets. Our results demonstrate that the hypocholesterolemic action of soy oil and soy protein fed to rats may be related to decreased intestinal cholesterogenesis. In addition, soy oil, a polyunsaturated fat caused a redistribution of cholesterol from plasma to liver.