Marlene Shehata

Rel/Nuclear factor-kappa B apoptosis pathways in human cervical cancer cells

Cervical cancer is considered a common yet preventable cause of death in women. It has been estimated that about 420 women out of the 1400 women diagnosed with cervical cancer will die during 5 years from diagnosis. This review addresses the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in humans with a special emphasis on the human papilloma virus as a predominant cause of cervical cancer in humans. The current understanding of apoptosis and regulators of apoptosis as well as their implication in carcinogenesis will follow. A special focus will be given to the role of Rel/NF-κB family of genes in the growth and chemotherapeutic treatment of the malignant HeLa cervical cells emphasizing on Xrel3, a cRel homologue.

Dual apoptotic effect of Xrel3 c-Rel/NF-κB homolog in human cervical cancer cells

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting a womans reproductive organs. Despite its frequency and recurrence, the death rate has been declining over the past 40 years, due to early detection and treatment. In a previous report [Shehata Marlene, Shehata Marian, Shehata Fady, Pater Alan. Apoptosis effects of Xrel3 c‐Rel/Nuclear factor‐kappa B homolog in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Biology International, in press], we studied the role of the NF‐κB gene family in HeLa human cervical cancer cells, using the Xrel3 c‐Rel homologue of Xenopus laevis. These results showed that the expression of Xrel3/c‐Rel slowed cell growth, consistent with an upregulated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and the activated poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) apoptosis effector. However, in this report, we examined more apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic factors acting upstream and downstream in apoptosis pathways after cisplatin treatment of HeLa cervical cancer cells. After 1 μM cisplatin treatment, Xrel3 had an anti‐apoptotic effect, based on significantly lower levels of apoptotic proteins, including caspase‐8, caspase‐3 and p21. Anti‐apoptotic BAG‐1 isoforms were upregulated. After 5 μM cisplatin treatment, expression of HeLa Xrel3 had an apoptotic effect, based on significantly increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and apoptotic proteins, including cleaved PARP, caspase‐8, and caspase‐3. However, anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL were elevated and the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 was slightly upregulated with both 1 and 5 μM cisplatin treatment. The HPV E6 oncoprotein showed no significant changes. These results support previous conclusions on the potential anti‐apoptotic effects of c‐Rel/NF‐κB in mild stress environments, as opposed to the apoptotic effects associated with high stress conditions [Lake BB, Ford R, Kao KR. Xrel3 is required for head development in Xenopus laevis. Development 2001; 128(2), 263–73.]. Thus, c‐Rel/NF‐κB may potentially be of clinical significance in chemotherapy.

Apoptosis effects of Xrel3 c-Rel/Nuclear Factor-kappa B homolog in human cervical cancer cells

Cervical cancer is considered a common yet preventable cause of death in women. In this report, we studied the role of the NF‐κB gene family in HeLa human cervical cancer cells, using the Xrel3 c‐Rel homologue of Xenopus laevis. The expression of Xrel3/c‐Rel slowed cell growth 6‐fold, consistent with an upregulated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The activated PARP apoptosis effector was significantly increased (P<0.01). Based on cell viability assays Xrel3 provided an anti‐apoptotic effect in 1 μM cisplatin, and this was associated with significantly lower levels of the apoptotic proteins Bax and MDM‐2 (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a 3‐fold drop in the level of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In 5 μM cisplatin, expression of HeLa Xrel3 enhanced apoptosis by significantly increasing the expression of the apoptotic proteins Bax and MDM‐2 (P<0.05). However, the tumor suppressor protein p53 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) relative to the control. Thus, c‐Rel/NF‐κB may potentially be of clinical significance, especially in tumors exhibiting resistance to high‐level chemotherapy.

Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a state of sensitization of pain receptors caused by opioid use. In OIH, there is a paradoxical response to opioids, in which opioids that are used to produce analgesia will instead induce sensitization to certain painful stimuli. The resulting pain might be similar or different from the original pain for which the opioids were taken. OIH is a characteristic phenomenon that could explain the loss of opioid effectiveness in many patients. The exact molecular mechanism for OIH is not yet fully understood. However, four proposed mechanisms are being considered in the present review to explain OIH including; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation; spinal dynorphin; descending facilitation; and finally decreased reuptake and enhanced nociceptive response. It is important for clinicians to consider OIH in opioid-treated patients, particularly for any new appearance of unexplained pain, or when increasing the opiate dose results in worsening of the pain. OIH is managed by reducing opioid dosage, tapering opiods off, and adding NMDA receptor antagonists.

A pharmacist?s perspective on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children: Is physical activity still relevant

Introduction: There is growing recognition of the importance of nutritional factors in the maintenance of bone and joint health and that nutritional imbalance combined with endocrine abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives: The present study sought to identify influence of dietary nutrients in prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA) knee Methods: 150 Subjects were recruited in this case control study from outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) according to the criteria of American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Controls were age sex matched healthy subjects who were free from disease under study. OA was radiologically graded according to Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades. Body Mass Index (BMI) was recorded by standard procedure. Dietary nutrient intakes were analyzed by self administered questionnaire including three day dietary recall and food frequency table (FFQ). Results: An average weight and BMI was significantly higher in subjects with OA knee in comparison to subjects without KOA. Among all dietary factors under study riboflavin, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin D was significantly lower in subjects having OA knee in comparison to subjects without OA knee. In unadjusted logistic regression, lower intake quartile of riboflavin, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin D having higher risk of OA knee in comparison to higher intake quartiles. However in adjusted analysis, risk of OA knee for riboflavin was diminished and β-carotene lose some strength but vitamin C and D having similar strength of risk of OA knee in quartile having lower intake. As the severity of disease was only defined by vitamin D intake. Conclusion: The present cross sectional study revealed that lower intake of βcarotene, vitamin C and vitamin D intake is risk factor for knee OA. These nutrients might be an explanatory nutrient for the course of OA knee and might lead to disease modifying effect.O is an identified risk factor for adverse health, especially in the young females of United States. Apart from physical appearance, it triggers emotional problems, depression and health problems such as Heart disease, high blood pressure, Type 2 Diabetes, breathing problems and adverse effects on pregnancy. The aim of this presentation is to create awareness among the young females about the adverse effects associated with pregnancy. Obese women present with menstrual disorders, subfertility and miscarriage. High BMI is associated with lower live birth rate. In particular, central obesity is associated with high levels of fasting insulin, luteinizing hormone and estrone. Major maternal complications associated with obesity include Diabetes. Hypertensive disease, thromboembolic disease, respiratory disorders and infections. Obese women have increased incidences of labour induction, Cesarean sections and Shoulder dystocia. Therefore such women should be informed of the risks associated with obesity and should receive appropriate dietary and life style advice. To counteract this silent killer, antiobesity strategies are needed at national and international level. Nabila Zareen, J Obes Wt Loss Ther 2012, 2:9 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.S1.008T factors leading to obesity are numerous and intertwined. Genetics, environment, culture, medical illness, metabolism, and psychological factors all contribute to the growing obesity epidemic. Psychological factors are often left out of the discussion, particularly in terms of treating obesity. Yet psychological factors related to obesity can negatively affect a person’s self-esteem and self-efficacy, making sustained weight loss difficult. Research presents information about familial and environmental factors related to psychological issues relative to obesity: Negative judgments about obesity begin at an early age; children at the age of 6 years describe an obese child as “lazy, stupid, ugly, cheats and liars.” All labels impaired their quality of life. Even obese patients had negative attitudes toward other obese. Lykouras, Lefteris (2008). Gerbrand, C., van Hout, M., & van Oudheuschen, I. (2004); Vaidya, V. (2006). Concerning family relationships, morbidly obese patients more frequently had a history of parental loss, parental alcoholism, marital & family dysfunction in their own lives, and dissatisfying sexual relationships. Felitti V.J. (1993). The prevalence of trauma history among obese patients is important to note; many obese persons have a history of both sexual and non-sexual abuse. Glinski J, Wetzler S, Goodman E. (2001); Felitti V.J. (1993). High self-esteem during childhood has been linked to satisfaction and happiness in later life. Crandall (1973). Low self-esteem has been linked to depression, anxiety, and maladjustment both in school and in social relations. Damon (1983). Addressing psychological issues related to obesity may improve long term outcomes for sustained weight loss.Background: Overweight and/or obese individuals present themselves regularly to Canadian pharmacists asking for a medication to treat obesity, which does not require physical exertion. These overweight and/or obese individuals may also ask a pharmacist’s insight on a product marketed as being effective in rapidly causing weight loss without physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of physical activity in preventing and/or managing obesity in adults and children versus pharmacotherapy and alternative medicine. Methods: A comprehensive evaluation was performed of all available literature on the management of obesity in adults and children. The 2006 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity in Adults and Children were emphasized. A conclusion was drawn on the significance of physical activity versus pharmacotherapy and alternative medicine. Results: So far, an agreement has been reached that physical activity is considered the first line treatment option for overweight and obese patients. Physical activity should be maintained even after pharmacotherapy is initiated. Medication failure rates are high when physical activity is missing. Conclusion: Despite the availability of numerous medications for weight loss coupled with the existence of multiple homeopathic treatment options for overweight and obesity, physical activity still remains the first treatment option for overweight and obesitythat should be maintained even after pharmacotherapy initiation.B type 2 diabetes and obesity are increasing worldwide. Obesity has been well documented as a major modifiable risk factor for diabetes. Different surrogate anthropometric measures, such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio, have been proposed to define obesity in a clinical setting. These obesity indices have been used alone or frequently integrated into an algorithm to assess an individual’s risk to develop diabetes. The question is thus raised as to which of these obesity indicators is best at predicting type 2 diabetes. Another question often asked is where to set cut-off values for a positive diagnosis since a dichotomous variable is practically useful. Ethnic differences in obesity-diabetes relationship have hindered attempts to propose a universally accepted definition for obesity, but what exactly the ethnic differences are. All these will be addressed in the presentation.M is prevalent among 20-50% of hospitalized individuals, particularly among the elderly and those with chronic disease. The co-existence of malnutrition in obese, newly hospitalized patients has not been evaluated. The present study was designed to estimate malnutrition prevalence and characterize its manifestations among newly hospitalized overweight and obese patients. In this cross-sectional survey, all adults newly admitted to internal medicine and surgical departments at E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, during the five-week data acquisition period, were screened for malnutrition risk using the NRS 2002. An age-adjusted score of ≥ 3 on the NRS 2002 defined malnutrition. Malnutrition was compared across body weight categories: underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m2) and obese (BMI≥ 30 kg/m2). Overweight and obese subjects were compared by malnutrition status. A total of 431 individuals were analyzed, of whom 243 were identified as overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2). Of these, 58 (23.9%) were identified as malnourished. Compared to adequately nourished subjects, malnourished overweight/obese patients had significantly longer hospital stay: 11.7±18.9 (median 5, 1-123 days) vs. 5.3±6.7 (median 4, 0-65 days), (p=0.001). In-hospital mortality was 6.9% among malnourished vs. 0.5% among adequately nourished overweight/obese patients, p=0.003. Malnutrition increased duration of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality risk in both overweight/obese and normal weight patients. Malnutrition is a frequent finding in newly hospitalized overweight/obese adults. Elevated BMI does not affect the duration of hospitalization and inhospital mortality rates are similar for normal weight and overweight/obese individuals.I India, outcome of breast cancer is worse as cases are usually presented in final stages so early diagnosis by simple means is important; therefore association of simple clinical changes such as in anthropometric measurements (Height, Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC))with early detectionis assessed in this study. A matched casecontrol study was performed on 1000 women aged between 30-60 yrs. Cases (n =500) included were newly diagnosed and treated for early breast cancer at two cancer hospitals in Chennai and Hyderabad cities and controls (n=500) were from same age/sex group visiting the same hospitals and are without breast cancer between February 2011 to November 2011. The study showed that mean weight of cases (67.7Kgs) was higher than controls (66.5Kgs) and statistically significant (‘independent t’ test = 4.3 and p = 24.99 were 1.56 times more at risk than females having BMI 24.9 were 1.6 times more at risk than postmenopausal females having BMI<24.9 (OR: 1.6, at 95% CL and CI1.20-2.35).These results showed that identification of changes in anthropometric measurements at an early stage helps in early diagnosis of breast cancer.O is a chronic, multifactorial, and complex disease resulting from a long-term positive energy balance, in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. A systemic increase in oxidative stress is often observed in obese subjects and is regarded to be directly involved in increasing incidence of obesity related metabolic complications including cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of lipoprotein levels and compositions are probably related to the greater risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity. The present study was designed to assess serum oxLDL levels in a group of patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease (58.3 ± 4.31 years), and a group of healthy patients (55.94 ± 5.67 years). The LDL susceptibility to in vitro induced lipid peroxidation was evaluated following its incubation with a prooxidant system. Results obtained showed the susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation was increase in obesity group (18.42 %) compared with a healthy group. This study indicates that circulating ox-LDL is associated with obesity. This association may be explained by the occurrence of small dense LDL that is more prone to oxidation. Another possible explanation is that adipose tissue contributes to the oxidation of LDL by increase the production of arachi-donate-5-lipoxygenase which catalyze LDL oxidation. In conclusion, it is now clear that obesity is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, an association that, at least in part, accounts for the increased risk of developing cardiovascular atherosclerosis.T two major factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, sympathetic overactivity and insulin resistance, are closely interrelated. Obesity is accompanied by an increase in sympathetic activity , particularly in the kidney, which could lead to an increase in renin release and contribute to hypertension. Reactive hyperinsulinemia due to overeating, primary tissue insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and high free fatty acid levels all may promote enhanced sympathic outflow and metabolic syndrome. Although acute administration of insulin in healthy subjects induces vasodilatation and is mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO), in insulin resistance the NO release is impaired, vasomotor tone increased due to enhanced calcium flux into the vascular smooth muscle cells increasing the sympathetic nervous system activity. Anyhow the exact mechanisms through which insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia predispose to sympathtic overactivity are not well established. b-adrenergic stimulation has also been shown to inhibit insulin signalling and decrease insulin induced glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. As skletal muscle quantitatively account for the largest portion of whole body insulin resistance it not a surprise that factors affecting muscular blood flow and nutrient delivery to the muscle are those of most importance in inducing insulin resistance. Increased sympathetic drive induces small vessel rarefication or loss of capillary density causes vasoconstriction (via a-receptor) and facilitate the shunting of glucose and insulin to less metabolically active skletal muscle beds. The metabolic properties of antihypertensive agents give further credence to the hemodynamic model of insulin resistance. Vasoconstriction mediated by b-blockers and vasodilatation by a-blockers parallel by their metabolic properties. Thus b-blockers that do vasoconstrict induce insulin resistance, but those with a-blocking properties are not causing insulin resistance.T objective of our work in to unravel the relationships between melatonin and the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) with emphasis in the possible therapeutic role of the methoxyindole. Being the MS a global pandemia, with a rising prevalence close to 30%, we, as others, believe that it is not only related to an unadequate nutrition and sedentarism, but also, to an unbalance between the current life style and natural light-dark cycles. Prolonged exposures to light during night and sleep impairment negatively affect many vital processes, as shown by a decreased melatonin production, modified circadian rhythms and oxidative overload. As an accepted experimental model of MS, we use male Wistar rats fed with regular chow and 10% fructose drinking solution ad libitum. After 8 weeks, the MS phenotype is developed. The administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL drinking solution) given to rats simultaneously with fructose was employed as a paradigm to analyze its effect on different metabolic consequences of MS. Along with the progression markers of MS, we also studied oxidative damage on adipose tissue, as a main player in this scene. We evaluated lipid peroxidation by TBARs determination and the oxidative status by glutathion levels (GSSG/GSH). As compared to control, body weight and systolic blood pressure augmented significantly, and an impaired glucose tolerance was detected as shown by the increases in glycemia, insulinemia and leptinemia. Circulating triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-c concentration also augmented significantly. Melatonin counteracted the changes in body weight and systolic blood pressure in rats. Melatonin also decreased glycemia, insulinemia and leptinemia and it was effective to counteract the changes in plasma LDL-c, triglyceride and cholesterol, augmented HDL-c levels and decreased plasma uric acid levels. The results underline the possible utility of melatonin in the treatment of MS.W have been investigating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) obese animals, a representative model of hypothalamic obesity, for nearly 40 years and recently we discovered a novel hypothalamic obesity induced by bilateral destructions of the area between arcuate nuclei (ARC) and paraventricular nuclei (PVH) in the hypothalamus (referred to as inter-VMH; I-VMH) in rats. My talk deal with comparison of pathogenesis and pathophysiology between VMH obesity and I-VMH obesity. VMH lesioned rats show more hyperphagia and more obesity, and more higher levels of serum insulin and leptin than I-VMH lesioned rats. Disconnection of α-MSH pathway by determined histochemical neural fiber staining in ARC-PVH axis for food intake regulatory system contributes to hyperphagia and obesity in I-VMH lesioned rats. The origin of hyperphagia in VMH lesioned rats is, in part, due to disturbance of α-MSH pathway but more complex. Hyperinsulinemia induced by autonomic derangement (vagal hyperactivity with sympathetic hypoactivity) is the primary cause of VMH lesion-induced obesity. Cell proliferation in visceral organs (stomach, small intestine, liver and pancreas) by histochemical stainings and electron microscopic examinations are observed in VMH lesioned rats, which is due to vagal hyperactivity in autonomic derangements by VMH lesions, in contrast, no cell proliferation in the visceral organs are observed in I-VMH lesioned rats, due to a lack of autonomic derangements.Objectives: Overweight and obesity is becoming a public health concern in India. However the information on various anthropometric indicators that predict the risk of hypertension in Indian population is scanty. Our objective is to document the data and predict the risk of hypertension by various anthropometric indicators. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The appraisal data derived from Health and well-being in later life (HAWILL) survey in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2010-2011. Subjects: A total of 1796 adult subjects (837 males + 959 females) ≥20 yrs participated in the study. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to measure the predictive hypertensive performance of each anthropometric measurement based on the area under the curve (AUC). Among 5 anthropometric indices, WC found to have highest AUC (0.653 for men and 0.623 for women) to predict the risk of hypertension. Our findings suggested that anthropometric indices are best indicators to assess the risk of hypertension. The optimal cutoff values for BMI, WC, HC, WHtR and WHR are considered as 24.61 kg/m2, 85.75 cm, 102.50 cm, 0.54, 0.89 for males and 25.25 kg/m2, 84.50 cm, 103.50 cm, 0.58, 0.87 for females respectively in the Indian population. Conclusion: Developing policy measures for the maintenance of optimal cutoff ’s for anthropometric indicators will be an ideal measure to identify the at risk population groups especially in India where rapid life style changes are taking place in line with urbanization.Introduction: Childhood obesity is now a global problem and this epidemic is increasing in the developing world. It has also become an important public health problem among Pakistani children due to rapid urbanization, inequitable development and changes in life style in last few decades. The schools in developing countries lack policies on physical education and scarce attention is given to the physical activity needs of the children. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 501 students selected through simple random sampling from 10 high schools from an urban setting. We used the age and sex specific BMI cut off points of W.H.O to estimate Obesity. Interviews were conducted to inquire about food frequency, physical activity and other factors. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23% and 15%, in boys; and 16% and 8% respectively in girls. Children spent a mean of 20 hours on media on a typical week, 60% of them travelled inactively to schools, 50% schools did not have facilities for sports and 44% of the schools did not offer classes on physical education. In multivariate analysis girls were 77% protected against obesity, OR=0.33 (CI=0.16-68) and children in middle socioeconomic tertile were 3.43 times more likely to be obese. Rating oneself as poor athlete meant 5.5 times more likelihood of obesity and eating fruit more than 4 times a week meant 55% (OR=0.45 CI=0.22-0.91) less likelihood of obesity. Those who wanted to loose weight had 7.75 times more likelihood of obesity. Conclusions: Childhood obesity is determined by the factors in the home, school and society and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to prevent this rising epidemic in developing countries. Interventions have to focus on influence school physical education policies and a conducive social infrastructure for active mode of living.Background: Vertical Sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and feasible approach for the treatment of morbidly obese patients. Laparoscopic method is THE principal technique used in the most part of the surgeons all the World. Laparoscopic Vertical Sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is sometimes also a valid option as a first stage of bariatric surgical procedure for super-super obese patients. Robotassisted sleeve gastrectomy (RASG) was started as a possible option for the same specific conditions and proposes, However, a lot of questions remain about its safety, high cost, surgeons and all team training, Herein we present our initial experience with RASG in a group with a good experience with robot surgery, doing highly complex procedures including robot assisted hepatectomy, duodenumpacreatectomy, esophagectomy and others. We then analyzed and compared ours results with those in the international literature. Methods: A prospectively review of database about our 11 patients underwent to RASG was performed. Independent validity includes patient’s demographics, operative parameters, morbidities, time and conditions follow-up, surgical time, and time of out hospital. The outcomes after RASG were compared to the laparoscopic technique. The patients were recruited in a private clinic of the surgeons. Inclusions criteria were BMI between 35 – 45 Kg/m2, morbidities as diabetes type 2 more than 10 years in oral treatment and without control, hypertension in oral treatment too, moderate or severe liver steatoses diseases and lipid diseases. Exclusion criteria were BMI 45 kg/m2, severe heart disease (Class IV NYHA) or severe pulmonary disease, age > 70 years and refuse to sign informed consent. Results: All patients in a both of groups (laparoscopic and robot approach) had a effective loss of weight, with mean about 25 kg to 48 kg (25% to 55%) after one year period. One case of robot approach presented a staple line bleeding at first postoperative day, without transfusion. Morbidity rate after RASG was 9%, but no gastrointestinal leaks occurs. In laparoscopic approach mean operative time was 93 minutes and in RASG was 115 minutes. No mortality or differences in hospitality stay was detected. Conclusions: RASG can be a safely and feasible tool to the surgical treatment of obese patients and co-morbidities, with good results and satisfactory outcomes. However, the effective decisions and indications, acceptable advantages of this new technology require more trials and long time follow-up.Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly increasing in Turkey as well as all over the world. Little is known about the association between quality of life (QoL) and the MetS. Objective: To determine the presence of MetS and its effects on QoL in Turkish women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Given the need for data in Ankara, Turkey, this cross-sectional study was designed to determine the association between demographic, lifestyles, reproductive history and biochemical-antropometric parameters and the MetS among a sample of women (N = 310) in a University Hospital, Cardiology Outpatient Clinic. The MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Results: Overall, 55.1% of women met the criteria for MetS with an average age of 57±0.7 years (range 20–80). Women without MetS were younger and had a more favourable triglyceride and glucose profile, and less likely to be physically inactive. Women with MetS who had longer duration of CVD, were significantly obese, had higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol levels. MetS patients showed significant reductions in QoL (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results showed that MetS was a major problem of Turkish women. MetS was a contributing factor for development of low QoL in the Turkish women with CVD.O alters bone mineral density (BMD) and geometrical properties of bone, and has been shown in women. Our goal was to characterize bone parameters in men with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2. Thirty-eight men (BMI of 31.9±4.4 kg/m2) who were older (58±6 years) were examined for body composition and bone parameters including areal BMD and true volumetric BMD and geometric properties were measured at the tibia. To determine variability over time, a subset of men (n=19) had repeat measurements after 6 months using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Serum sex steroids were measured including total and free testosterone and estradiol. As expected, body weight correlated positively with total body BMD (r = 0.37; p<0.02). Over the 6 months, men did not significantly change weight (0.6± 2.4). Total body and femoral neck BMD increased during this time by 1.5±2.7% and 1.1±2.2%, respectively (p<0.05), but there was no change in cortical and trabecular BMD of the tibia and there was a decrease in cortical bone area, content and polar moment of inertia at the tibia (p < 0.02) with a trend to decrease the stress: strain index. There was a 17-25% increase in serum testosterone and estradiol (p < 0.05). Others have found that normal weight men (50-69 y), show a slight annual increase in FNBMD (0.5%/y) that is less than the 1-2% increase found here. These data show that obesity increases sex steroids and BMD, but there is evidence of a decline in bone cortical bone content and altered geometric properties. Support: NIH-AG12161.Junfen Fu, female, born in October 1968, is the Chief Physician and Deputy Director of Endocrinology Department of Childrens Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. She is a tutor of PhD, MD. She is also the Zhejiang provincial New Century 151 Talent, the council member of the 6th Asia-Pacific Pediatric Endocrine Society, the member of Chinese Medical Association of type 1 diabetes, the committee member and secretary of Zhejiang Pediatric Association, and the vice chairman of Zhejiang Pediatric Endocrine Society. She graduated from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 1991 and got her PhD degree of Zhejiang University in July of 2000. In the year of 2001, she was awarded a Chinese National Scholarship which supported her to study in Yamagate University School of Medicine in Japan as a visiting scholar. During the year of Jul 2005 to Aug 2006, she got a professional training in Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, UK. In the year of 2008, she got short term (3 months) clinical training in University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She has been working in the Division of Endocrinology in this Hospital on clinical, teaching and research work as a pediatrician for 20 years. Her research is focused on the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes in Children. She has published more than 60 papers in domestic and overseas journals within recent 10 years. She teaches congenital metabolic disease and endocrine disease at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Junfen FU, J Obes Wt Loss Ther 2012, 2:9 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.S1.008C attention has been directed to the health benefits of berries in preventing chronic diseases. The benefits are mainly attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins in berries. Since individual anthocyanins have different antioxidant properties, it is probable that berries having different anthocyanin compositions exert different biological and physiological effects. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of three types of berries differing in major anthocyanins (malvidin in blueberry, cyanidin in blackberry, and delphinidin in blackcurrant, respectively). Anthocyanin fractions of blueberry, blackberry and blackcurrant were obtained by solid phase extraction from 80 % methanol crude extracts. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 5, 10, and 25 ug/mL berry extracts for 12 h. Then, cells were treated with LPS for 12 h and mRNA abundance of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was determined by real-time PCR. Blackberry extract suppressed the gene expression by 15-20% at 25 ug/mL. The other berry extracts also suppressed TNF-alpha and IL1-beta to a lesser extent. The findings suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of berries vary depending on their anthocyanin compositions and that blackberry extract may possess a more potent anti-inflammatory property than the blueberry and blackcurrant extracts.P nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver disease related to obesity, hyperinsulinemia insulin resistance. Liver cell injury results from free fatty acid toxicity or other oxidant stress. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the presence and severity of fatty liver as detected by liver ultrasound with body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, serum leptin, and serum adiponectin. AQ3 Twenty-five obese children were selected from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Zagazig University Hospital, and the Ministry of Health Office in 2010. After performing liver ultrasound, they were classified according to the presence or absence of fatty liver into two groups. Group I consisted of 15 obese children with fatty liver, comprising nine boys and six girls. Their mean age was 12 ± 2.7 years, mean weight was 64.3 ± 14.19 kg, and mean BMI was 29.9± 2.5. Group II consisted of 10 obese children without fatty liver, comprising six boys and four girls. Their mean age was12.3± 2.2 years, mean weight was 68.6 ± 12.6 kg, and mean BMI was 27.5 ± 0.97. Liver enzymes, plasma insulin, homeostasis, triglycerides, and serum leptin were significantly higher in group I relative to group II patients. Serum adiponectin had significantly lower values in group I compared with group II patients. There was a highly significant positive correlation between serum leptin and BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver steatosis, whereas there was a highly significant negative correlation between serum adiponectin and all these parameters. Hepatic fat accumulation in childhood obesity is strongly associated with the triad of insuin resistance, increased visceral fat, and hypoadiponectinemia.A with many other proponents of using exercise to create social change, I believe that children’s health advocates intent on curbing childhood obesity must not only redouble their efforts with the food and beverage industry, but also spend considerably more time and resources promoting the benefits of physical activity for children. With strong evidence that distractions such as video games, cell phones and television are associated with childhood obesity, it’s clear that encouraging more exercise needs to be a key part of the solution to this national epidemic. Of course, promoting healthy eating is an important aspect of the war on childhood obesity. However, it is only one tactic that warrants attention and spending. In a recent Reuters article titled, “How Washington Lost the War on Childhood Obesity,” authors Duff Wilson and Janet Roberts briefly discuss how the White House and First Lady Michelle Obama along with the Let’s Move! initiative have changed focus to promote increasing physical activity as a key component for combating childhood obesity. Such a shift is an essential step in the right direction. In reversing the childhood obesity trend, exercise shouldn’t be a footnote in the discussion; it should be the headline in the overall strategy. Specifically, children’s health advocates should refocus their time and energy on creating accessible exercise programs and safe places for children to play. The U.S. Soccer Foundation, through programs like Soccer for Success, affords both of those opportunities. Findings from a recent study conducted by the Gardner Center at Stanford University show that Soccer for Success has a positive effect on participants. Here is what the study found: • Ninety-one percent (91%) of participants reported that Soccer for Success helped them feel better about themselves. • Seventy-one percent (71%) reported that they make better choices when it comes to food. • Sixty-one percent (61%) spend less time engaged in video games and/or watching TV. • Eighty-seven percent (87%) of participants said that Soccer for Success helped them stay away from violence and fighting. Soccer is one form of physical activity for children that provides a fun way to improve overall health – increasing strength, agility and endurance– and serves as a safe, positive outlet. Programs—like Soccer for Success—not only help combat childhood obesity but also deter young adults from pursuing negative influences by providing them with safe and healthy places to play after school.