Marlucia Martins

Invasão de fragmentos florestais por espécies oportunistas de Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Quantitative samples of fruit flies communities (Drosophila spp.) were taken with banana baits in the reserves of the Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - (INPA). World wildlife Fund-US Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems projetc. Data are presented from samples taken in non-isolated reserves (virgin, continuos forest) and in isolated from samples taken in non-isolated reserver (virgin, continuous forest) and in isolated reserve of approximately 1 and 10 ha, as well as the cleared areas surrounding these reserves. The results demonstrate marked differecens between the faunistic composition of the areas continuous forest, were sibling species in the Willistoni group predominate and the cleared areas, where D. latifasciaeformis and D. nebulosa were the most abundant species. In the interior of isolated reserves, the relatives predominance of species found in continuous forest was similar to that measured in the undisturbed sites, with the addition of four species common in opens areas. Of these D. marekotlianawas the only species that was frequent in the interior of the isolates.

A new anthophilic species of Drosophila Fallén belonging to the bromeliae group of species (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Drosophila speciosa sp. nov. from: Belem, Para, Brazil, is described and morphologically compared to a closely related species, D. aguape Val & Marques, 1996. Adult specimens of D. speciosa sp. nov. were collected while visiting T. speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. flowers in EMBRAPAs Theobroma Linnaeus germoplasm collections (113 individuals) in Belem and in Caxiuana Scientific Station, in Melgaco, Para, Brazil (four individuals). Emergent were obtained from T. speciosum flowers in both localities being four adults in Caxiuana and 532 in EMBRAPA. Other eight emergencies were registered from Passiflora edulis Sims flowers in Curuca, Para, Brazil.

Impact of different land management on soil spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in two Amazonian areas of Brazil and Colombia

Abstract The global demand for different land-use practice commodities in the Amazonia is growing, and this region is increasingly affected by the impacts of land management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of land-use intensification on soil spider assemblages from six different land-use systems in Colombia and Brazil. The systems were fallows after crops and pastures, forest, crops, pastures and plantations. Spider species richness and density decreased with increasing farming management intensity. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed forests and fallows were separated from systems with stronger anthropogenic soil disturbance. The relationships of ten spider guilds differed significantly between land-uses, suggesting that they can be a reliable parameter for studies of ecological indicators.

An integrative taxonomy approach unveils unknown and threatened moth species in Amazonian rainforest fragments

This study focuses on the importance in hyperdiverse regions, such as the Amazonian forest, of accelerating and optimising the census of invertebrate communities. We carried out low‐intensity sampling of tropical moth (Lepidoptera) assemblages in disturbed forest fragments in Brazil. We combined DNA barcoding and taxonomists’ expertise to produce fast and accurate surveys of local diversity, including the recognition and census of undescribed and endemic species. Integrating expert knowledge of species distributions, we show that despite limited sampling effort, our approach revealed an unexpectedly high number of new and endemic species in severely threatened tropical forest fragments. These results highlight the risk of silent centinelan extinctions and emphasise the urgent need for accelerated invertebrate surveys in high‐endemism and human‐impacted tropical forests.

A new Amazonian species from the Drosophila annulimana species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Drosophila caxiuana sp. nov., Drosophila subgenus, is described and illustrated. This new species was collected in the Amazonian Biome (Caquajo river, Portel, Para, Brazil) and is an atypical species to the group due the unusual morphology of the male terminalia.

New earthworm species of Righiodrilus (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from eastern Amazonia

Three new species of the glossoscolecid earthworm genus Righiodrilus are described from material collected in northern Pará and Maranhão States, Brazil. Rhigiodrilus gurupi n. sp. is characterized by four pairs of post-testicular spermathecae in xiv-xvii. Rhigiodrilus viseuensis n. sp. is distinguished by tubercula pubertatis in xix-xxiii and clitellum in xvi-xxiii. Rhigiodrilus moju n. sp. is the only species in the genus that lacks tubercula pubertatis. We provide an updated key and a distribution map for all species of Righiodrilus.

Spider species richness and sampling effort at Cracraft´S Belém Area of Endemism

A list of spider species is presented for the Belém Area of Endemism, the most threatened region in the Amazon Basin, comprising portions of eastern State of Pará and western State of Maranhão, Brazil. The data are based both on records from the taxonomic and biodiversity survey literature and on scientific collection databases. A total of 319 identified species were recorded, with 318 occurring in Pará and only 22 in Maranhão. About 80% of species are recorded at the vicinities of the city of Belém, indicating that sampling effort have been strongly biased. To identify potentially high-diversity areas, discounting the effect of variations in sampling effort, the residues of a linear regression between the number of records and number of species mapped in each 0.25°grid cells were analyzed. One grid, representing the Alto Turiaçu Indigenous land, had the highest deviation from the expected from the linear regression, indicating high expected species richness. Several other grid cells showed intermediate values of the regression residuals, indicating species richness moderately above to the expected from the model.