Marshall Freimer
University of Rochester
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Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods | 1988
Marshall Freimer; Georgia Kollia; Govind S. Mudholkar; C. Thomas Lin
The Tukey lambda family of distributions together with its extensions have played an important role in statistical practice. In this paper a con¬tinuously defined two-parameter generalization of this family, which holds promise of a variety of additional applications, is variously studied. The coefficients of skewness and kurtosis and the density shapes of its members are examined and the family is related to the classical Pearsonian system of distributions.
Quarterly Journal of Economics | 1965
Marshall Freimer; Myron J. Gordon
I. Introduction, 397. — II. Variation in optimal loan with interest rate on a fixed-size investment, 399. — III. Variation in optimal loan with interest rate on an open-end investment, 405. — IV. Aversion to risk and other factors which reduce variability in interest rates, 408. — V. Factors which cause some variation in interest rates, 415.
Journal of Management Information Systems | 2003
Marshall Freimer
Software such as operating systems, word processing, spreadsheets, graphics, and others often serves as a base for a number of third-party add-in products or plug-ins. These add-ins enhance the functionality of the base product. Unless protected by patents, these add-ins can potentially be bundled into the base software. The impact of this bundling on the profits of the base software producer and the consumer depends on the proportion of consumers that value the add-in and the penalty that some consumers incur from finding only a bundled product available when they do not desire the add-in. Using a model of the market, we show that the price of the bundle will be less than the sum of the prices of the base and add-in software when they are sold separately. We also show that the total consumer surplus and the social welfare increase if the base software producers profit increases with bundling.
Communications of The ACM | 1998
Marshall Freimer; Abraham Seidmann
tors that underlie the trend of vertical disintegration. Foremost among these are the changes in the telecommunication industry. Declining hardware prices make it cheaper to compress, process and switch signals. These changes, combined with deregulation, have resulted in reduced telecommunication costs at the wholesale level. Further, increased standardization, decreased hardware cost, and use of common protocols have made it easy to bring these price reductions to the retail level. This makes the business of providing access much more competitive; and the providers, who have lower costs, gain market share. Telecommunication companies have a cost
hawaii international conference on system sciences | 1999
Marshall Freimer; Abraham Seidmann
Over the past few years the Web has grown to several hundred million pages, while just a few of them get most of the visits. Such sites, called portals, attract visitors, advertisers and provide lots of valuable content at no charge to the visitors. The portals attract disproportionate amount of the Internet advertising dollars and have the ability to influence the success of new electronic commerce ventures. In this paper we show the evolution of portals from a Web in which all pages are equally accessible. In addition, we analyze the nature of the competition between portals and show the impact of technological developments and added services on their economic viability.
Marketing Science | 2012
Marshall Freimer; Dan Horsky
The question as to the optimality of advertising pulsing has attracted many researchers over the last half-century. In this paper we specify a market share model in which there are two advertising-setting firms as well as a no-purchase option. The framework is that of a first-order Markov process with three states. The objective of both firms is to maximize profits. We are able to demonstrate, for a diminishing returns advertising function, that the optimal advertising strategy is pulsing. The frequency of the advertising pulse is shown to depend on the magnitude of the market share retention rate (state dependence); the higher it is, the less frequent the advertising. We further find that the optimal advertising budgets do not remain the same when the frequency of pulsing changes. Finally, we show that it is optimal for both firms to advertise in phase.
Marketing Science | 2008
Marshall Freimer; Dan Horsky
There is strong evidence that consumers learn from their brand consumption experiences and continuously update their brand purchase probabilities. However, in explaining why established competitive brands continuously compete through periodic price promotions, most of the existing theories do not attribute this phenomenon to underlying consumer learning. Yet, “try it, you will like it” is often the stated rationale of the practicing marketing manager in offering consumers a price promotion on a brand. This paper examines the connection between consumer learning and the offering of price promotions. The consumer model specified is Markovian in nature and encompasses in addition to consumer learning other empirical findings such as the increase in product class consumption in response to price reductions. The consumer models used in the existing game theoretic approaches to this problem are shown to be mostly special cases of the proposed model. It is demonstrated that for the commonly used price response functions the existence of consumer learning, at a level of intensity consistent with that identified in empirical works, makes it optimal for competing brands to periodically offer price promotions. Moreover, it is shown that the competing brands should promote in different periods as opposed to head to head.
Journal of Management Information Systems | 2004
Marshall Freimer; Abraham Seidmann; Jie Zhang
Although the Web has grown to several billion pages over the past few years, just a few of the Web sites get most of the visits. Such sites, called portals, attract visitors and advertisers and provide a lot of valuable content at no charge to the visitors. The portals attract a disproportionate amount of the Internet advertising dollars and have the ability to influence the success of new electronic commerce ventures. Using monthly audience data, we examine relative market shares of Web sites in search engines, travel, financial, news, and other categories. We find clear evidence of increasing disparity in page views, with the top Web sites getting an increasing share of the market. Using economic modeling, we show that this disparity is a result of a development externality that exists in this industry: the sites that have more viewers get more revenues; this in turn allows them to develop more content and attract an even greater number of viewers.
hawaii international conference on system sciences | 2000
Marshall Freimer; Pavan Gundepudi
The wide area networks which make up the infrastructure of the Internet, connect at peering points that are either publicly or privately owned. Public peering points have become increasingly congested and offer poor connectivity and availability. Consequently, private agreements for increased interconnection capacity between network firms have become common. These agreements affect the quality of service and profits of the networks in different ways. To examine these issues, we construct a model of the economy in which two networks with different numbers of hosts are serving the same region and customers pick the network that offers them the most net benefit. We find that the network that hosts the greater content prefers a lower interconnection capacity than the other network. Consumers on that network see an increase in the congestion of their home network as a larger number of users from the other network gain easier access with an increase in interconnection capacity. On the other hand, consumers on the network with fewer hosts benefit greatly from increases in peering point capacity from private agreements.
Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods | 1989
Marshall Freimer; Georgia Kollia; Govind S. Mudholkar; C. Thomas Lin
In this paper we analyze the tail character of the generalized Tukey lambda and extended Weibull distributions and in the process demonstrate that the details of convergence in law of the extreme spacings are graphically descriptive of the tail-lengths and the associated outlier proneness. In terms of the classical extreme value theory, it is seen that the two shape parameters of the generalized Tukey lambda family separately determine the nature of the two tails individually and that the family is sparse in medium tailed distributions. For the extended Weibull (or generalized extreme value) family on the other hand, the right tail is always medium, while the left tail can be either long or short. An analysis based upon the limiting distribution of extreme spacings especially O p ·, the high probability order of magnitude for large samples, is used to refine and clarify the classical tail classification. The derivations involve elementary enough methods to make the results pedagogically suitable even at i...