Marta Silva Menezes

Health-related quality of life of students from a private medical school in Brazil

Objectives To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to describe factors associated with its variation among undergraduate medical students at a Brazilian private medical school. Methods A cross-sectional study in a sample (n=180) of medical students at a private medical school in Salvador, Brazil, stratified by year of medical course. Data about age, sex, year of course, physical activity, sleepiness, headaches, participation in a student loan program supported by the Brazilian government (FIES) and living arrangements were collected using a self-administered form. HRQOL was assessed by using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the SF-36 form. The eight domains of SF-36 and the Physical Component (PCS) and Mental Component (MCS) Summaries scales were calculated. Results The medical students showed poor HRQOL, mainly because of the mental component. Lower mean scores were found among those with FIES support, females, those suffering from sleepiness, headaches and lacking physical activity. No clear trend was observed in the variation of the SF-36 mean scores according to the year of medical school. However, students in the fifth year of the course had the highest HRQOL mean scores. Conclusions Health-related quality of life of students at this private medical school was poor, mainly because of its mental component. Lower HRQOL was associated with FIES support, females, sleepiness, headaches and lack of regular physical activity. Higher scores were found among fifth year students.

Prevalence and variables associated with physical inactivity in individuals with high and low socioeconomic status

BACKGROUND: Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS: The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION: The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.BACKGROUND Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.

Percepção de integridade científica para o estudante de medicina

This study aimed to investigate the medical students perception of scientific integrity, to discuss the need to address this topic throughout the education of ethically responsible researchers and to clarify the importance of educational practices that aim at ethically educating this student. This was a qualitative study, using the technique of thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, by setting up three units of data analysis: the students knowledge about the CEP/Conep system (Research Ethics Committee/National Commission for Research Ethics system), the perception of students about scientific integrity and scientific dishonesty, and approach to the theme of scientific integrity in the medical curriculum. This study showed the need for a more effective approach on the CEP/Conep system. Similarly, the theme of scientific integrity seems to be little discussed in the academic environment which can lead to the practice of scientific misconduct due to lack of recognition of it by students. The combination of theory and practice in the teaching of scientific integrity is essential; this issue should be inserted early in the medical curriculum.

Determinants of C-Reactive Protein in Individuals with Very Low Socioeconomic Status

BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic (SE) status has been associated to inflammation and predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been investigated by studies performed in developed countries. This study aimed to identify predictors of CRP in individuals of very low SE level in a developing country and evaluate whether CRP is related to SE status in this scenario. OBJECTIVE Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. METHODS Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. RESULTS In the low SE individuals, independent predictors of CRP were body mass index > 25 Kg/m(2) (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.005) and acute infection conditions (P=0.049). The low SE group (median=2.02 mg/l; interquartile range 0.92 - 4.95 mg/dl) had higher CRP levels compared to the high SE group (1.16 mg/l, interquartile range 0.55 - 2.50 mg/dl, P=0.03). Body mass index tended to be higher (27 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2) vs 25.5 +/- 3.2 kg/m(2); P=0.07) and the prevalence of acute infection greater (32% vs 3%, P=0.002) in the low SE group. After overweight individuals and those with infectious conditions were excluded, the CRP levels were similar between the groups with low and high SE levels (0.93 mg/l vs 1.08 mg/l, P=0.28). CONCLUSION Adiposity, infection conditions and smoking are predictors of CRP in individuals with very low SE level. The first two factors determine greater level of inflammation in low SE individuals when compared to the high SE counterparts.BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic (SE) status has been associated to inflammation and predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been investigated by studies performed in developed countries. This study aimed to identify predictors of CRP in individuals of very low SE level in a developing country and evaluate whether CRP is related to SE status in this scenario. OBJECTIVE: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. METHODS: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. RESULTS: In the low SE individuals, independent predictors of CRP were body mass index > 25 Kg/m2 (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.005) and acute infection conditions (P=0.049). The low SE group (median=2.02 mg/l; interquartile range 0.92 - 4.95 mg/dl) had higher CRP levels compared to the high SE group (1.16 mg/l, interquartile range 0.55 - 2.50 mg/dl, P=0.03). Body mass index tended to be higher (27 ± 4.9 kg/m2 vs 25.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2; P=0.07) and the prevalence of acute infection greater (32% vs 3%, P=0.002) in the low SE group. After overweight individuals and those with infectious conditions were excluded, the CRP levels were similar between the groups with low and high SE levels (0.93 mg/l vs 1.08 mg/l, P=0.28). CONCLUSION: Adiposity, infection conditions and smoking are predictors of CRP in individuals with very low SE level. The first two factors determine greater level of inflammation in low SE individuals when compared to the high SE counterparts.

Prevalência e variáveis associadas à inatividade física em indivíduos de alto e baixo nível socioeconômico

BACKGROUND: Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS: The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION: The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.BACKGROUND Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.

Perception of illegal practice of medicine by Brazilian medical students

Introduction Illegal practice of medicine by medical students is a worldwide problem. In Brazil, information about this issue is scarce. Objective To describe the perception of illegal practice of medicine by medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study in a stratified random sample of 130 medical students in the 6th to 12th semesters from a private faculty of medicine in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil, from September to October 2011. Students responded to a standardised questionnaire about the illegal practice of medicine by medical students. Results Knowing medical students who practised medical activities without supervision was reported by 86% of the respondents, and 93.8% had heard about someone who performed such practices. Medical specialties most often associated with illegal practice were general medicine (78.8%) and occupational health (55.9%). Illegal practice of medicine was more common in peripheral cities/towns (83.9%) than in the State capital, Salvador City (52.4%). Only 10.5% of illegal activities were reported to the authorities. Unsupervised medical practice was more often reported in the 8th–9th semester (56.8%) and 10th–11th semester (54.4%) of medical school. Conclusions Illegal practice of medicine was commonly reported by the medical students questioned. The high frequency of reported illegal practice for financial reasons highlights the need for greater availability of paid internships for medical students. Educational institutions represent the social control responsible for supervising the activities of academics.

Determinantes do valor da proteína C-reativa em indivíduos de nível sócio-econômico muito baixo

BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic (SE) status has been associated to inflammation and predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been investigated by studies performed in developed countries. This study aimed to identify predictors of CRP in individuals of very low SE level in a developing country and evaluate whether CRP is related to SE status in this scenario. OBJECTIVE Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. METHODS Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. RESULTS In the low SE individuals, independent predictors of CRP were body mass index > 25 Kg/m(2) (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.005) and acute infection conditions (P=0.049). The low SE group (median=2.02 mg/l; interquartile range 0.92 - 4.95 mg/dl) had higher CRP levels compared to the high SE group (1.16 mg/l, interquartile range 0.55 - 2.50 mg/dl, P=0.03). Body mass index tended to be higher (27 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2) vs 25.5 +/- 3.2 kg/m(2); P=0.07) and the prevalence of acute infection greater (32% vs 3%, P=0.002) in the low SE group. After overweight individuals and those with infectious conditions were excluded, the CRP levels were similar between the groups with low and high SE levels (0.93 mg/l vs 1.08 mg/l, P=0.28). CONCLUSION Adiposity, infection conditions and smoking are predictors of CRP in individuals with very low SE level. The first two factors determine greater level of inflammation in low SE individuals when compared to the high SE counterparts.BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic (SE) status has been associated to inflammation and predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been investigated by studies performed in developed countries. This study aimed to identify predictors of CRP in individuals of very low SE level in a developing country and evaluate whether CRP is related to SE status in this scenario. OBJECTIVE: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. METHODS: Eight-two individuals of very low SE level were recruited from a poor, semi-rural community in Brazil. Thirty-two individuals of high socioeconomic level comprised a comparison sample. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by nephelometry. RESULTS: In the low SE individuals, independent predictors of CRP were body mass index > 25 Kg/m2 (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.005) and acute infection conditions (P=0.049). The low SE group (median=2.02 mg/l; interquartile range 0.92 - 4.95 mg/dl) had higher CRP levels compared to the high SE group (1.16 mg/l, interquartile range 0.55 - 2.50 mg/dl, P=0.03). Body mass index tended to be higher (27 ± 4.9 kg/m2 vs 25.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2; P=0.07) and the prevalence of acute infection greater (32% vs 3%, P=0.002) in the low SE group. After overweight individuals and those with infectious conditions were excluded, the CRP levels were similar between the groups with low and high SE levels (0.93 mg/l vs 1.08 mg/l, P=0.28). CONCLUSION: Adiposity, infection conditions and smoking are predictors of CRP in individuals with very low SE level. The first two factors determine greater level of inflammation in low SE individuals when compared to the high SE counterparts.

Prevalencia y variables asociadas a la inactividad física en individuos de alto y bajo nivel socioeconómico

BACKGROUND: Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS: The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION: The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.BACKGROUND Studies that considered only the leisure physical activity found that the physical inactivity is higher among lower-income individuals. There is a possibility that this association shows modifications, when considering transportation, work and domestic activities. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference between the prevalence of physical inactivity between individuals of high and low socioeconomic levels. METHODS The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older, from two groups of different socioeconomic levels. The low socioeconomic level (LSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a public school. The high socioeconomic level (HSEL) group consisted of the parents of students from a private College. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of physical activity. RESULTS A total of 91 individuals were evaluated in the LSEL group and 59 in the HSEL group. In the LSEL group, 42.9% (39) of the individuals were classified as insufficiently active, compared to 57.6% (34) of individuals in the HSEL group. Taking as a parameter of physical inactivity the time of weekly physical activity < 150 minutes, there was a decrease in the classification of inactivity in both groups, although with the maintenance of higher inactivity among individuals of HSEL (49.2% vs 28.6%; p= 0.01). CONCLUSION The individuals of HSEL are more sedentary than the individuals of LSEL.

“As intermitências da morte” no ensino da ética e bioética

The curriculum guidelines for undergraduate medical courses recommend that medical training should be humanistic, reflective, and ethical. Furthermore, medical professionals should be able to provide support in the process of death, with the evaluation of active methodologies for the teaching and learning of humanities, ethics, and bioethics a fundamental part of medical courses. The present study evaluates the use of the novel “Death with interruptions” as a teaching tool for ethics and bioethics, addressing individual and collective reflections when dealing with the theme of death. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, analyzing the evaluation of a literary work by medical students from the Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica (the Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health). The study concluded that this instrument is recommended for the teaching of humanities, finding that its reading encouraged the development of subjective abilities in students to deal with situations related to death, respecting the principles of bioethics.The curriculum guidelines for undergraduate medical courses recommend that medical training should be humanistic, reflective, and ethical. Furthermore, medical professionals should be able to provide support in the process of death, with the evaluation of active methodologies for the teaching and learning of humanities, ethics, and bioethics a fundamental part of medical courses. The present study evaluates the use of the novel “Death with interruptions” as a teaching tool for ethics and bioethics, addressing individual and collective reflections when dealing with the theme of death. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, analyzing the evaluation of a literary work by medical students from the Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (the Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health). The study concluded that this instrument is recommended for the teaching of humanities, finding that its reading encouraged the development of subjective abilities in students to deal with situations related to death, respecting the principles of bioethics.

“Death With Interruptions” in the teaching of Ethics and Bioethics

The curriculum guidelines for undergraduate medical courses recommend that medical training should be humanistic, reflective, and ethical. Furthermore, medical professionals should be able to provide support in the process of death, with the evaluation of active methodologies for the teaching and learning of humanities, ethics, and bioethics a fundamental part of medical courses. The present study evaluates the use of the novel “Death with interruptions” as a teaching tool for ethics and bioethics, addressing individual and collective reflections when dealing with the theme of death. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, analyzing the evaluation of a literary work by medical students from the Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica (the Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health). The study concluded that this instrument is recommended for the teaching of humanities, finding that its reading encouraged the development of subjective abilities in students to deal with situations related to death, respecting the principles of bioethics.The curriculum guidelines for undergraduate medical courses recommend that medical training should be humanistic, reflective, and ethical. Furthermore, medical professionals should be able to provide support in the process of death, with the evaluation of active methodologies for the teaching and learning of humanities, ethics, and bioethics a fundamental part of medical courses. The present study evaluates the use of the novel “Death with interruptions” as a teaching tool for ethics and bioethics, addressing individual and collective reflections when dealing with the theme of death. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, analyzing the evaluation of a literary work by medical students from the Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (the Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health). The study concluded that this instrument is recommended for the teaching of humanities, finding that its reading encouraged the development of subjective abilities in students to deal with situations related to death, respecting the principles of bioethics.