Martha J. Foxall

Low-Vision Elders: LIVING ARRANGEMENTS, LONELINESS, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

1. Loneliness was not found to be a significant problem in a study of low-vision older clients with various living arrangements. Different types of support networks did serve different functions depending on whether clients lived alone or with others. 2. Clients living alone were more satisfied with supporters who helped them when they were feeling down, whereas clients living with others were more satisfied with supporters who cared about them. 3. Clients living alone relied on friends and children as the most important sources of support; clients living with others relied most on children for the majority of their needs. 4. Supportive expectations should be shared with supporters in the network to prevent burnout of the support person and lack of support for the client in crises if the supportive person is not available.

Spousal Adjustment to Chronic Illness

&NA; Knowledge of differences between men and women in adjustment to a chronically ill partner should be of interest to nurses concerned with the rehabilitation of families. Individual characteristics (demographic variables, social and economic resources) and disease‐related factors were examined to determine their effects on adjustment. The sample consisted of 33 husbands and 47 wives with ill partners, purposively selected from a variety of sources and representing a variety of chronic illnesses. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups on adjustment measures, item analysis of the scales revealed that wives more often than husbands were dissatisfied with their present lives (51% vs. 41%) and sometimes wanted to leave home (26% vs. 9%). Husbands, more often than wives, experienced difficulty sleeping (30% vs. 23%) and fatigue upon awakening (27% vs. 17%). Both groups reported the greatest gains in the homemaker and spouse roles with husbands reporting the larger gains. For husbands, 4 of 10 social resource variables, 3 of 14 economic resource variables, and 5 of 10 disease‐related factors were significant correlates of adjustment, compared with 6 social resource variables, 10 economic resource variables, and 6 disease‐related factors for wives. In general, variables relating to the psychosocial adjustments for husbands and wives were different. These findings could provide a basis for assessment of gender differences in spouse adjustment to chronic illnesses.