Martha Romero
National Autonomous University of Mexico
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Salud Publica De Mexico | 1999
Guilherme Borges; María Elena Medina-Mora; Cheryl J. Cherpitel; Leticia Casanova; Liliana Mondragón; Martha Romero
OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of alcohol consumption and abuse among patients with medical emergencies, accidents and violence, attending an emergency room in one of three public health hospitals in Pachuca, Hidalgo, was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients answered a questionnaire and their blood alcohol was measured on their first visit to the emergency room. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic data, patterns of alcohol consumption and included scales for heavy and dependent drinkers, such as the CAGE and the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Injured and non-injured patients were compared with the chi 2 statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1,511 patients were evaluated. Alcohol consumption was higher in those attending for accidents or violence than in medical patients. Positive blood alcohol levels were found in 17.7% of injured patients and 15.8% reported alcohol consumption 6 hours prior to the accident. According to the CAGE, 9.2% of the patients were alcohol-dependent, and 10.9% were heavy drinkers according to the AUDIT. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption, especially among emergency room patients attending for accidents or injuries is high. Preventive measures are indispensable to diminish social and individual costs of alcohol abuse in this population.
Salud Publica De Mexico | 2001
Martha Romero; Liliana Mondragón; Cheryl J. Cherpitel; Ma. Elena Medina-Mora; Guilherme Borges
OBJECTIVE This article describes the demographic characteristics and psychological differences in a sample of female heavy and non-heavy drinkers who attended three emergency services of the Mexican city of Pachuca, Hidalgo. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of patients seen at emergency services (ES) patients over the age of 18 was selected using ES admission forms. Twenty-five-minute, face-to-face interviews were conducted by a group of trained interviewers. Patients answered various questionnaires and scales to measure alcohol consumption and to provide information on variables that have proved to be related to female drinking. RESULTS Thirty-six women (5.2%) out of 717 of the total number of women were found to be heavy drinkers according to the TWEAK scale. This group of women had 2.3 times the risk of becoming depressed, 2.87 times the risk of taking other drugs, 1.95 times the likelihood of having been sexually abused and 1.57 times the risk of displaying suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Data from this small analysis confirm international findings that problem drinking among females throughout the life cycle is linked to depression. As regards the screening instruments employed, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research to enrich their contents and increase their reliability and validity when used among female populations. In this study, the TWEAK proved to be extremely useful for studies in emergency services.
Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy | 2015
Bertha Mejía; Paloma Zea; Martha Romero; Gabriela Saldívar
BackgroundIn the past decade, several studies have focused on the treatment needs of female inmates with substance abuse problems. An important finding has been that these women are more likely to report histories of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse-at rates varying from 77% to 90%. The trauma resulting from this kind of abuse is a key contributing factor in behavioral problems in adolescence and subsequent delinquency, substance abuse, and criminality in adulthood.MethodsThis was a retrospective clinical study. A convenience sample of 112 women who entered the program’s treatment groups consecutively for one year form part of the study. Information on traumatic events was obtained using some questions from the Initial Trauma Review. It explores whether the participant experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, disasters, automobile accidents, or witnessed violence under the age of 18. It also examines experiences as an adult, including sexual and physical abuse, attacks by others who are not intimate partners, and abuse by authorities.ResultsRevictimization in sexual abuse was found in 78.1% of participants. Significant differences were identified between women who had experienced a traumatic sexual event from a person five years their senior before the age of 18 and then suffered from sexual violence as an adult, and women who had never undergone either of these events (x2 = 11.3, df 112/1, p = <.001). In physical abuse, the figure was 82.17%. Differences were observed between women who were revictimized through physical abuse before and after the age of 18 (x2 = 5.91, df 112/1, p = <.01), and those who had not experienced any kind of revictimization. Significant differences were found between women who had suffered a traumatic sexual event as a child and subsequently physical violence from their parents, and women who had not undergone either of these events (x2 = 3.48, df 112/1, p = <.05).ConclusionsInvestment in treatment in these areas during the prison sentence and after release may contribute to preventing these women from become repeat offenders. Creating sources of work and halfway houses that continue the program to prevent relapses into substance use can help defend the human rights of this group of women and achieve social justice.
Salud Publica De Mexico | 2008
Liliana Mondragón B; Martha Romero M; Guilherme Borges; Liliana Mondragón; Martha Romero
OBJECTIVE To present an ethnographic description of the treatment of patients with excessive alcohol consumption in an emergency room, how they are evaluated by doctors, and the various contextual aspects surrounding this condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethnographic work was carried out over a period of two months, with researchers working 24 hours a day, seven days a week from January 9 to March 15, 2002 in the emergency room (ER) at General Hospital, Mexico City. RESULTS Patients that had consumed alcohol and were admitted to the ER had to wait longer than others to be treated for their intoxication to wear off and for their sometimes aggressive attitude to become calm. The rejection of the alcoholized patients was expressed through scolding to persuade alcohol-dependent patients or those that abused alcohol to reduce their consumption. CONCLUSION The theoretical and methodological approach of the ethnographic observation enables reflection on the social and cultural mechanisms related to this health problem.
Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism | 1998
Carlos Campillo; Martha Romero; Gabriela Saldívar; Luciana Ramos
This chapter presents research findings from a collaborative project between Mexican investigators from the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry and the World Health Organization on the identification and treatment of harmful and hazardous drinking. A sample of 189 individuals who met criteria for hazardous drinking was selected for the study after screening 2319 outpatients attending clinics in two general hospitals in Mexico City. We present here the characteristics of this sample along dimensions that include alcohol related problems, history of trauma, alcohol dependence scores and family history of alcoholism. We rated, utilizing structures interviews, situations that place these individuals at risk of drinking. The possibility of constructing a typology of harmful and hazardous drinking was also explored. The significance of the findings of this investigation for health care clinicians is discussed.
Drug and Alcohol Review | 1987
Carlos Campillo; Rosa Díaz Martínez; Martha Romero
The Mexican health system and Mexican policies regarding alcohol consumption are described. The principal problems caused by alcohol consumption are outlined, as are the countrys attempts at early detection and intervention.
Salud Mental | 2013
Laura González-Macías; Martha Romero; María Luisa Rascón; Alejandro Caballero
Antecedentes: La anorexia nervosa es un padecimiento de la conducta alimentaria en el que se ha observado que la familia desempena un papel relevante, ya que una grave disfuncion familiar puede ser un factor de riesgo y mantener la sintomatologia. La participacion de la familia en el tratamiento incrementa la posibilidad de exito. La presente investigacion pretende contribuir con un analisis de la forma en la que los propios sujetos que padecen anorexia nervosa y sus padres, conviven con el padecimiento y narran su historia. Material y metodos: Se llevo a cabo un estudio cualitativo y un analisis de narrativa por ejes tematicos de acuerdo al modelo de Kolher Riessman. Los informantes se eligieron de acuerdo a un muestreo teorico no probabilistico y se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad focalizadas. Se eligio a una familia para este reporte. Resultados: La familia analizada estuvo conformada por tres miembros: la madre, el padre y la hija con anorexia nervosa, presentandose conductas excesivamente rigidas que oscilan entre el control y la impulsividad. La paciente funciona como confidente de la madre, en tanto que el padre se muestra rigido y exigente. El tratamiento duro tres anos aproximadamente en impasse ya que la paciente no mostro ninguna evolucion. Discusion: En los cuatro momentos de la evolucion del padecimiento se observo que cada uno de los participantes tenia diferentes puntos de vista. En la bibliografia se menciona la relacion simbiotica de la hija con la madre y la relacion periferica establecida con el padre, en la informacion obtenida en este caso se confirma esa estructura. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos son un primer paso para conocer las experiencias de cada uno de los integrantes de la familia durante el inicio de la enfermedad, el tratamiento, la recaida y las expectativas que se tienen en cuanto a la remision del padecimiento.
Archive | 2013
Sergio Valente Gutierrez Quijada; Martha Romero; Catalina Elizabeth Stern Forgach
A solid object with spherical symmetry splashes when it impinges on a liquid surface. A cavity is formed and structures with fancy shapes appear surrounding it. As the sphere sinks, it is surrounded by small bubbles, and once it reaches the bottom a jet is ejected as a consequence of the conservation of energy.
Adolescence | 2004
Rosa Maria Aguilera-Guzman; V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder; Martha Romero; María Elena Medina-Mora
Salud Mental | 2006
Jorge Galván; Martha Romero; Eva María Rodríguez; Ana Durand; Eduardo Colmenares; Gabriela Saldívar
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Catalina Elizabeth Stern Forgach
National Autonomous University of Mexico
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