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Dive into the research topics where Martin J. Kenny is active.

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Featured researches published by Martin J. Kenny.


Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2004

Demonstration of two distinct hemotropic mycoplasmas in French dogs.

Martin J. Kenny; Susan E. Shaw; Fréderic Beugnet; Séverine Tasker

ABSTRACT In North America it has been shown that distinct hemotropic mycoplasmas exist in dogs. Blood samples from 460 French dogs were analyzed by PCR to evaluate hemoplasma infection status. Seventy-one dogs (15.4%) were positive; of these, 44 (9.6%) were infected with an organism closely related to “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemoparvum” only, 15 (3.3%) were infected with Mycoplasma haemocanis only, and 12 dogs (2.6%) were dually infected with both organisms.


Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2004

Infection with a Proposed New Subspecies of Babesia canis, Babesia canis subsp. presentii, in Domestic Cats

Gad Baneth; Martin J. Kenny; Séverine Tasker; Yigal Anug; Varda Shkap; Amos Levy; Susan E. Shaw

ABSTRACT Parasitemia with a large Babesia species was identified in two domestic cats from Israel. One cat, also coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,” had profound icterus and anemia which resolved after therapy, whereas a second cat was an asymptomatic carrier. Amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by phylogenetic analyses, indicated that infection was caused by Babesia canis. However, the sequences of the internal transcribed and 5.8S rRNA regions of the ribosomal operon used for subspeciation of B. canis were markedly different from the recognized subspecies of B. canis, which include B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis, and B. canis rossi. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of the 18S rRNA gene, 5.8S, and internal transcribed spacer sequences of the isolates from the cats and on the smaller sizes of the merozoite and trophozoite stages of this parasite, which distinguish it from the subspecies of B. canis present in dogs, we propose to identify the novel feline genotype of B. canis described in the present study as a new subspecies, B. canis subsp. presentii.


Veterinary Record | 2005

Molecular evidence of tick-transmitted infections in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom.

S. E. Shaw; S. H. Binns; Richard J. Birtles; M. J. Day; R. C. Smithson; Martin J. Kenny

PCR analysis was used to determine the prevalence of tick-transmitted infections in 120 systemically ill dogs and 60 cats recruited over a period of three months from 52 veterinary practices in the UK. The animals had not travelled outside the UK and had one or more of the following clinical criteria: acute or recurrent pyrexia, anaemia and/or thrombocytopenia, polyarthritis/muscle pain, splenomegaly/lymphadenopathy, and intraocular inflammation with systemic signs. Blood samples from the animals were tested for the presence of DNA from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by using simple PCR targeting. B burgdorferi sensu lato was detected in five dogs and two cats, and A phagocytophilum was detected in one dog and one cat. These results provide the first molecular evidence of naturally occurring B burgdorferi sensu lato infection in cats in the UK and confirm that A phagocytophilum infection is present in cats. There were no statistically significant associations between the infections and the clinical signs shown by the dogs and cats.


Veterinary Record | 2002

Prevalence of Bartonella species causing bacteraemia in domesticated and companion animals in the United Kingdom

Birtles Rj; Laycock Gm; Martin J. Kenny; S. E. Shaw; M. J. Day

Between October 1999 and February 2000, 691 blood samples examined routinely for either haematological or virological assessment were screened by culture for the presence of Bartonella species. They came from 615 animals: 360 cats, 211 dogs, 27 horses, 16 cattle and a gorilla. The samples were incubated for long periods on 10 per cent horse blood agar at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5 per cent carbon dioxide. Isolates were obtained from 35 samples from 34 (9·4 per cent) of the cats, but not from any of the other animals. Comparison of citrate synthase gene sequences from the isolates indicated that they were all Bartonella henselae. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments indicated that 30 of the cats were infected solely with B henselae genotype II, two were infected solely with B henselae genotype I and two were infected with both genotypes.


International Archives of Allergy and Immunology | 2009

Effect of Oral Antigen and Antibody Exposure at Birth on Subsequent Immune Status: A Study in Neonatal Pigs

Karin Haverson; Gc Corfield; Philip Jones; Martin J. Kenny; Jenny Fowler; Mick Bailey; C.R. Stokes; Bevis Miller

Background: The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of early low-level exposure to either antigen or antibody alone on subsequent immune responses in entirely immunologically naïve animals. This is impossible in species with a permeable placenta such as rodents or humans, where both antigen and antibody can be transferred in utero. It is, however, possible in pigs, due to the impermeable placenta of the sow. Thus, neonatal piglets were used for this study. Methods: Newborn piglets were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) at dosages similar to those used in rodents to sensitise, as well as to serum containing anti-OVA antibodies. Results: Both single low doses of OVA (10 and 1,000 mg per animal) induced classical oral tolerance following a systemic challenge: both doses reduced specific systemic IgG responses and tertiary in vitro recall proliferative responses by splenocytes and especially by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells. Additionally, dietary challenge had phenotypic effects on helper T cells in MLN, which could be reversed by OVA at birth. In contrast, giving antibody as serum collected from hyperimmune or orally tolerant pigs had no functional effects. Conclusions: Overall, our data support the hypothesis that contrary to previous work in rodents, very early exposure of neonatal pigs to a single small dose of antigen can reduce subsequent immune responses. This may have implications for human health. However, although these data point to a reducing/regulatory effect of low doses of antigen in very young animals, they cannot be extrapolated directly to allergy.


Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica | 2002

Babesia microti: ¿una nueva forma de babesiosis humana en Europa?

Ángel Tomás Camacho; Estrella Pallas; Juan Jesus Gestal; Javier Guitián; Ángeles Sonia Olmeda; Martin J. Kenny; Sam R. Telford; Andrew Spielman

Sr. Editor: La babesiosis o piroplasmosis es una enfermedad hemolítica febril de distribución universal, similar al paludismo, conocida por afectar a animales domésticos y salvajes desde tiempos bíblicos, y cuyo incremento se ha reconocido en seres humanos en Europa y Estados Unidos. Es transmitida a los animales y al hombre por la picadura de garrapatas duras o ixodoideas que inoculan el agente causal, un protozoo intraeritrocitario (similar a la malaria) del género Babesia, específico de especie. La principal especie que afecta al hombre en Europa, B. divergens, se transmite a los seres humanos por el conocido Ixodes ricinus. La infección en seres humanos por Babesia ssp. cuyo reservorio es el ganado bovino es un hecho muy común en toda Europa, donde las babesiosis vacunas son normales e I. ricinus medra en abundancia. La mayoría de los casos suceden sobre todo entre mayo y octubre, el período de máxima actividad de I. ricinus. Por otra parte, B. microti, un parásito de roedores silvestres transmitido por I. dammini, se ha relacionado en la mayoría de los casos que afectan al hombre en Norteamérica, en donde se ha experimentado un incremento en el número de casos a partir de la epidemia de Nantucket Island y Martha’s Vineyard en Massachusetts, ocurrida en el año 1969. La enfermedad causada por ambas especies de babesias es clínicamente distinta en función del estado inmunológico del paciente. Cursa desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta un síndrome mononucleósico autolimitado en pacientes inmunocompetentes, a juzgar por los estudios serológicos realizados en zonas endémicas, hasta una enfermedad extremadamente grave en pacientes esplenectomizados o con otros tipos de inmunodeficiencia (infectados por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana [VIH] o sometidos a terapia inmunosupresora por cáncer o trasplante de órganos). La enfermedad se caracteriza por fiebre, mialgia, anemia hemolítica y hemoglobinuria y la mayoría de los casos graves fallecen por insuficiencia renal y algunas veces por edema pulmonar. En el tratamiento no se considera efectiva la profilaxis primaria. El tratamiento de elección en la fase aguda consiste en la combinación de clindamicina (600 mg) y quinina (650 mg), por vía intravenosa, cada 8 h, durante 7 días. En niños la pauta recomendada es de 20 mg/kg/día de clindamicina y 25 mg/kg/día de quinina. Como tratamiento de mantenimiento se aconseja una terapia oral prolongada para prevenir las recaídas. Así pues, el ser humano no tiene especies propias de Babesia pero interviene como un hospedador accidental, sobre todo en el ciclo epidemiológico de las especies de roedores (B. microti) y de bóvidos (B. divergens). La confirmación por nuestro grupo de trabajo de que una nueva especie de Babesia, B. microti-like, encontrada de forma endémica en Galicia (España) en la especie canina, guarda una gran similitud genotípica con el agente etiológico de la babesiosis humana en Estados Unidos, lleva a plantear la hipótesis de que formas distintas a B. divergens puedan ser las causantes de patología humana en Europa, y que cursarían de forma asintomática o subclínica, en forma de cuadros seudomononucleósicos. Como parte del esfuerzo por identificar la garrapata vectora de B. microti en el noroeste de España, se ha encontrado que entre las especies de garrapatas recogidas de perros enfermos por esta especie de babesia, el porcentaje de I. hexagonus llega a alcanzar un 63%, además de encontrar todos los estadios de este vector (larvas, ninfas y adultos). Estos resultados difieren de estudios realizados en el norte de Europa que informan de la presencia predominante de I. ricinus en la especie canina. I. hexagonus es una especie muy higrófila, que coloniza preferentemente los biotopos de bosque atlántico, donde durante todo el año se mantienen altos valores de saturación atmosférica. Estas condiciones climáticas son las que caracterizan nuestra región y son las ideales para promover la abundancia de este tipo de ixodidos y difieren claramente del resto de la península Ibérica. Pensamos pues que nuestra zona ecológica presenta las condiciones ideales para permitir la circulación de esta nueva especie de babesia, merced a la existencia del vector capaz de su mantenimiento. I. hexagonus emerge, pues, como el principal candidato como vector de B. microti-like porque se alimenta en perros con más frecuencia que otras garrapatas y porque B. microti es transmitida por garrapatas del género Ixodes, tanto en Estados Unidos como en Europa. En ausencia de una definitiva confirmación de esta hipótesis, nuestras observaciones sugieren que I. hexagonus podría desempeñar el mismo papel que I. dammini, el vector de B. microti en el noroeste de los Estados Unidos. La existencia en Galicia de esta nueva Babesia y su vector nos hace aconsejar la realización de estudios epidemiológicos con el antígeno de B. microti, similares a los realizados por nuestro grupo de estudio con el antígeno de B. divergens en la población gallega, ante la sospecha de ser un agente causante de infecciones subclínicas en seres humanos.


Veterinary Microbiology | 2004

Pathogen carriage by the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) in the United Kingdom.

Se Shaw; Martin J. Kenny; Séverine Tasker; Richard J. Birtles


Veterinary Record | 2003

Review of exotic infectious diseases in small animals entering the United Kingdom from abroad diagnosed by PCR

S. E. Shaw; A. I. Lerga; S. Williams; F. Beugnet; Richard J. Birtles; M. J. Day; Martin J. Kenny


Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | 2007

Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in FIV‐Positive Cats

Martin J. Kenny; Katie J. Baxter; Nicholas C. Avery; Diane Addie; Tim Gruffydd-Jones; Séverine Tasker


Archive | 2005

15th European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Companion Animals Congress

Kj Baxter; Martin J. Kenny; Nicholas C. Avery; Diane Addie; Tj Gruffydd-Jones; Severine Tasker

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M. J. Day

University of Bristol

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