Martin Mosquet

Microscopic Mechanism for Shear Thickening of Non-Brownian Suspensions

We propose a simple model, supported by contact-dynamics simulations as well as rheology and friction measurements, that links the transition from continuous to discontinuous shear thickening in dense granular pastes to distinct lubrication regimes in the particle contacts. We identify a local Sommerfeld number that determines the transition from Newtonian to shear-thickening flows, and then show that the suspensions volume fraction and the boundary lubrication friction coefficient control the nature of the shear-thickening transition, both in simulations and experiments.

Adsorption of polyamine on clay minerals.

This work aims at a better understanding of the interaction between a polycationic quaternary amine polymer (F25) and three different clay minerals: montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. For this, adsorption isotherms of F25 on the clay surfaces were measured together with the evolution of the CEC along the isotherm, which revealed that cation exchange plays an important role in the adsorption process. These first results were confirmed by XRD measurements on dried powders that are evidence in the case of montmorillonite of the presence of polymer in the interlayer spaces. In addition, the evolution of the short range structure of clay minerals suspensions on polymer adsorption was followed by WAXS experiments. Polymer intercalation was observed while the structure of the resulting stacking appeared to change slightly along the polymer adsorption isotherm. Diffuse reflectance infrared measurements revealed that significant conformational changes occur on polymer adsorption onto montmorillonite surfaces. Furthermore, adsorption above the CEC is observed which involves a charge reversal of clay mineral surfaces, the zero charge being reached for an adsorbed amount corresponding to the CEC. Finally, flocculation was discussed compared to adsorption amounts and zeta potential measurements, confirming that optimum flocculation concentration is reached for noncharged particles.

Synthesis of poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) macromonomers using RAFT and their copolymerization with methacrylic acid for the design of graft copolymer additives for concrete

Methacrylate end-capped poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) macromonomers (PNAM-MA) of number-average molar mass of about 2400 g mol−1 have been synthesized by post-modification of PNAM chains obtained by RAFT. The good control of the NAM polymerization in the presence of a 2-cyano-2-thiothiopropylsulfanyl propane (CTPP) RAFT agent allowed the synthesis of highly thiocarbonylthio end-functionalized chains (89%). Two sequences of reactions have then been carried out in order to introduce a methacrylate functionality: the reduction of the thiocarbonylthio function into a thiol function by hydrazine followed by the reaction with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEMA) or the one-pot aminolysis/Michael addition onto acryloyloxyethyl methacrylate (AOEMA), resulting in 77% and 86.5% of methacrylate functionality, respectively. The resulting macromonomers were successfully copolymerized with methacrylic acid (MAA) at a MAA : PNAM macromonomer molar ratio of 3 : 1 to afford graft copolymers that exhibit all the features of superplasticizers for concrete. Their stability towards alkaline conditions and high ionic strength usually met in concrete pore solutions has been assessed. The ester linkage resulting from the aminolysis/Michael addition sequence led to highly hydrolyzable side chains, which are therefore not appropriate for this application. The thiourethane linkage coming from the thiol–isocyanate chemistry, resisted the alkaline conditions of the interstitial concrete media and could potentially be used for novel concrete formulations.