Martin Zvonař

Cambios en la alineación de las extremidades inferiores durante la marcha en fases avanzadas del embarazo y el efecto de calzado especial

The hip, knee and foot pain are common complaints during pregnancy as pregnancy affects the musculoskeletal health. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pregnancy gait adaptations and the effect of special footwear. 16 pregnant women divided into a control and experimental group, who obtained the special footwear, participating at 27, 32 and 37 gestational weeks in data collection sessions. At each session participants were asked to go barefoot in a space captured by the Simi Motion®. To compare the differences between different collection sessions, effect size obtained by Cohen’s d was used. Results of this study showed, that using the tested footwear enabled a verticalization of the pelvic segment, increase of the maximum hip extension angle, reduction of foot-floor angle and maintaining the same height of the knee during walking in the experimental group, possibly decreasing the risk of pain development in these body segments during pregnancy.

Changes in lower extremity blood flow during advancing phases of pregnancy and the effects of special footwear

Abstract Background During pregnancy, a number of changes affecting venous blood flow occur in the circulatory system, such as reduced vein wall tension or increased exposure to collagen fibers. These factors may cause blood stagnation, swelling of the legs, or endothelial damage and consequently lead to development of venous disease. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of special footwear designed to improve blood circulation in the feet on venous blood flow changes observed during advancing phases of pregnancy. Methods Thirty healthy pregnant women participated in this study at 25, 30, and 35 weeks of gestation. Participants were allocated at random to an experimental group (n = 15) which was provided with the special footwear, or a control group (n = 15). At each data collection session, Doppler measurements of peak systolic blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area of the right popliteal vein were performed using a MySonoU6 ultrasound machine with a linear transducer (Samsung Medison). The differences were compared using Cohen’s d test to calculate effect size. Results With advancing phases of pregnancy, peak systolic velocity in the popliteal vein decreased significantly in the control group, whereas it increased significantly in the experimental group. No significant change in cross-sectional area was observed in any of the groups. Conclusions Findings in the experimental group demonstrated that wearing the footwear tested may prevent venous blood velocity from reducing during advanced phases of pregnancy. Nevertheless, there is a need for further investigation of the beneficial effect on venous flow of the footwear tested and its application.

Distribuce plantárního tlaku v průběhu těhotenství a po něm a vliv biomechanické obuvi

Uvod: Nas výzkum byl zaměřen na objektivni data týkajici se změn plantarniho tlaku v průběhu těhotenstvi a po porodu, jakož i na možnost ovlivnit tyto změny pomoci specialni biomechanicke obuvi, vyvinute ve spolupraci Masarykovy univerzity s firmou J Hanak R, s.r.o.; Výzkumne metody: Výzkumu se zucastnilo 38 těhotných žen, kterým byl na plantograficke desce Emed®-at měřen plantarni tlak v prvnim a třetim trimestru těhotenstvi a po porodu. Dvacet jedna z těchto žen (experimentalni skupina) nosilo v danem obdobi specialni biomechanickou obuv. Při měřeni byly zjisťovany hodnoty plantarniho tlaku a jeho casoveho integralu v 10 oblastech prave a leve nohy. Data byla pote zpracovana pomoci ANOVA a Tukeyho post-hoc testů; Výsledky: Hlavnimi zjistěnimi byly statisticky významne narůsty plantarniho tlaku pod podelnou nožni klenbou a medialnim přednožim v průběhu těhotenstvi v obou výzkumných skupinach a nasledný pokles větsiny hodnot po porodu. Statisticky významne rozdily mezi hodnotami v experimentalni a kontrolni skupině nebyly zjistěny; Zavěr: Zatiženi nohy se v průběhu těhotenstvi přesouva dopředu a medialně, což představuje větsi zatěž předevsim pro podelnou nožni klenbu, medialni metatarzalni hlavy a palec. Po porodu se vzorec distribuce plantarniho tlaku převažně vraci do stavu pozorovaneho na zacatku těhotenstvi. Vliv biomechanicke obuvi na nohu se v tomto výzkumu nepodařilo prokazat.

Specific Rating Scale for Evaluating Back Roll Fall

PURPOSE: To create created iconic-symbolic model of back roll fall and specific rating scale that was verified for content validity and inter-rater reliability. METHODS: We used Delphi method for making descriptive model and specific binomic rating scale. Descriptive model was verified and re-builded to iconic-symbolic model. 116 students falls were videotaped and evaluated by both experts (n=5) and physical education teachers (n=51). Kendall rank correlation coefficient and t-test were used to test inter-rater reliability among experts and between experts and physical education teachers. RESULTS: We regard agreement of all five experts using Delphi method in the ten items rating scale as corroboration of content validity. Order of recorded falling techniques set by sum of correctly performed selected items is in the every expert rating the same. CONCLUSION: We regard specific rating scale as objective diagnostic tool according to the martial arts/combat sports experts and physical education teachers inter-rater reliability on the stipulated significance.