Mary Kay Jones

Viability and function of 8-day-stored apheresis platelets.

BACKGROUND: Methods of bacterial detection and pathogen inactivation of platelets (PLTs) may allow extended storage of PLTs as long as PLT quality is maintained.

Review of In Vivo Studies of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cryopreserved Platelets

A literature review was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryopreserved platelets for potential military use. In vivo DMSO cryopreserved platelet studies published between 1972 and June of 2013 were reviewed. Assessed were the methods of cryopreservation, posttransfusion platelet responses, prevention or control of bleeding, and adverse events. Using the Department of Defenses preferred 6% DMSO cryopreservation method with centrifugation to remove the DMSO plasma before freezing at -65°C and no postthaw wash, mean radiolabeled platelet recoveries in 32 normal subjects were 33% ± 10% (52% ± 12% of the same subjects fresh platelet recoveries), and survivals were 7.5 ± 1.2 days (89% ± 15% of fresh platelet survivals). Using a variety of methods to freeze autologous platelets from 178 normal subjects, mean radiolabeled platelet recoveries were consistently 39% ± 9%, and survivals, 7.4 ± 1.4 days. More than 3000 cryopreserved platelet transfusions were given to 1334 patients. There were 19 hematology/oncology patient studies, and, in 9, mean 1-hour corrected count increments were 11 100 ± 3600 (range, 5700-15 800) after cryopreserved autologous platelet transfusions. In 5 studies, bleeding times improved after transfusion; in 3, there was either no improvement or a variable response. In 4 studies, there was immediate cessation of bleeding after transfusion; in 3 studies, patients being supported only with cryopreserved platelets had no bleeding. In 1 cardiopulmonary bypass study, cryopreserved platelets resulted in significantly less bleeding vs standard platelets. In 3 trauma studies, cryopreserved platelets were hemostatically effective. No significant adverse events were reported in any study. In summary, cryopreserved platelets have platelet recoveries that are about half of fresh platelets, but survivals are only minimally reduced. The platelets appear hemostatically effective and have no significant adverse events.

A randomized controlled trial comparing autologous radiolabeled in vivo platelet (PLT) recoveries and survivals of 7-day-stored PLT-rich plasma and buffy coat PLTs from the same subjects

BACKGROUND: A recent review concluded that there was inadequate evidence to show a difference between buffy coat (BC) and platelet (PLT)‐rich plasma (PRP) PLT concentrates prepared from whole blood. We hypothesized that 7‐day‐stored BC‐PLTs would have superior autologous recoveries and survivals compared to PRP‐PLTs and that both would meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for poststorage viability.

EXTENDED STORAGE OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA PREPARED PLATELET CONCENTRATES IN PLASMA OR PLASMALYTE

BACKGROUND: Using bacterial detection or pathogen reduction, extended platelet (PLT) storage may be licensed if PLT viability is maintained. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)s poststorage PLT acceptance guidelines are that autologous stored PLT recoveries and survivals should be 66 and 58% or greater, respectively, of each donors fresh PLT data.

Extended storage of autologous apheresis platelets in plasma.

The purpose of our studies was to determine the effects of extended platelet storage on poststorage platelet viability.

Metabolites in stored platelets associated with platelet recoveries and survivals

Transfusion of platelets (PLTs) is a common therapy in a number of clinical settings. However, it is well understood that there is substantial donor‐to‐donor variation in how well PLTs store and thus the quality of the products that are transfused. The basis of such variation is poorly understood, and there are limited metrics by which units of PLTs can be assessed for their posttransfusion performance. It has repeatedly been demonstrated that myriad biologic changes take place during PLT storage; however, which of the changes correlate with quality of the stored PLTs and/or are mechanistically involved in PLT function remains undetermined.

Extended storage of buffy coat platelet concentrates in plasma or a platelet additive solution

Platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) prepared from whole blood in the United States are made using the PLT‐rich plasma method. The PCs must be made within 8 hours of blood collection and stored for only 5 days. In Europe and Canada, PCs are made using the buffy coat (BC) method from whole blood held overnight at 22°C and storage times may be up to 7 days. Our studies were designed to determine how long BC PLTs can be stored in plasma or Plasmalyte while meeting the FDAs poststorage viability criteria.

Platelet concentrates prepared after a 20‐ to 24‐hour hold of the whole blood at 22°C

BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that red blood cells must be refrigerated within 8 hours of whole blood collection. Longer storage of whole blood at 22°C before component preparation would have many advantages.

Effects of pretransfusion warming of platelets to 35°C on posttransfusion platelet viability

BACKGROUND: Three of four prior studies suggested that warming platelets (PLTs) to 37°C before transfusion into patients with thrombocytopenia gave improved corrected PLT count increments.