Mary-Lou Martin

Integrating an Evidence-based Intervention into Clinical Practice: 'Transitional Relationship Model'

The transitional relationship model (TRM) facilitates the discharge process by providing peer support and hospital staff involvement until a therapeutic relationship has been established with a community care provider. A quasi-experimental, action-oriented research design was employed in which psychiatric wards at six hospital sites implemented the model in three waves. Helpful strategies were identified by each wave of wards for consideration by subsequent wards. Using an ethnographic approach, qualitative data were examined to uncover experiences and perceptions of TRM implementation and to help identify key issues that were supporting or hampering implementation. Specific strategies that facilitate the implementation of TRM include: (1) the use of educational modules for on-ward hospital staff training and peer training; (2) presence of on-site champions; and (3) supportive documentation systems. Issues identified as barriers to implementation included: (1) feeling drowned, swamped and overwhelmed; (2) death by process; (3) team dynamics; and (4) changes in champions. Staged large-scale implementation of the TRM allowed for iterative improvements to the model leading to positive outcomes. This study highlights the need to address work environment issues, particularly interprofessional teams.Accessible summary The transitional relationship model (TRM) facilitates the discharge of psychiatric clients from hospital to community by providing hospital staff involvement until a therapeutic relationship has been established with a community care provider as well as peer support. Psychiatric wards at six hospital sites implemented the TRM in three waves. Monthly summaries, progress reports, meeting minutes and focus group discussions were reviewed in order to uncover facilitators and barriers to TRM implementation. Factors that facilitated TRM implementation included: educational modules for staff and peer training, the presence of on-site champions, and supportive documentation systems. Barriers included: feeling swamped/overwhelmed, death by process, team dynamics and changes in champions. Implementation strategies suggested by the initial hospital wards were used to enhance implementation on subsequent wards, leading to positive outcomes. This study highlights the need to address work environment issues when implementing healthcare interventions, particularly for interprofessional teams. Abstract The transitional relationship model (TRM) facilitates the discharge process by providing peer support and hospital staff involvement until a therapeutic relationship has been established with a community care provider. A quasi-experimental, action-oriented research design was employed in which psychiatric wards at six hospital sites implemented the model in three waves. Helpful strategies were identified by each wave of wards for consideration by subsequent wards. Using an ethnographic approach, qualitative data were examined to uncover experiences and perceptions of TRM implementation and to help identify key issues that were supporting or hampering implementation. Specific strategies that facilitate the implementation of TRM include: (1) the use of educational modules for on-ward hospital staff training and peer training; (2) presence of on-site champions; and (3) supportive documentation systems. Issues identified as barriers to implementation included: (1) feeling drowned, swamped and overwhelmed; (2) death by process; (3) team dynamics; and (4) changes in champions. Staged large-scale implementation of the TRM allowed for iterative improvements to the model leading to positive outcomes. This study highlights the need to address work environment issues, particularly interprofessional teams.

Bridging the Discharge Process: Staff and Client Experiences Over Time

Abstract Before the “Bridge to Discharge” innovation, hospital and community services were largely separate, and the consumer group was rarely included in direct clinical issues. The “Bridge to Discharge” project involves a partnership among a psychiatric hospital schizophrenia program, a public health program, and a consumer group to assist individuals who had experienced lengthy psychiatric admissions reintegrate into the community. This article reports the qualitative evaluation of client and staff responses every other month regarding the changes in this project. Clients described “hope” for a life outside the hospital and the importance of working with staff they knew. Role changes for both the inpatient nurses and the public health nurse reflect role expansions and a broader attention to client issues. Partnerships among hospital, community, and consumer groups have the potential to assist clients to make the transition to successful community living. Understanding the changes over time resulting from innovations will assist nurses and others in planning for appropriate services and supports.

Alternative Approaches to Nursing Practice: Application of Peplau, Rogers, and Parse

This article demonstrates three major nursing theories in practice. The uniqueness of each theory is clarified through the presentation of nursing formulations and practice implications. The discussion provides a meta perspective of how practice based in nursing theory is different from traditional practice and how nursing theory can guide practice.