Marzio Zapparoli

A common terminology for the external anatomy of centipedes (Chilopoda)

Abstract A common terminology for the external morphological characters of centipedes (Chilopoda) is proposed. Terms are selected from the alternatives used in the English literature, preferring those most frequently used or those that have been introduced explicitly. A total of 330 terms are defined and illustrated, and another ca. 500 alternatives are listed.

Eupolybothrus cavernicolus Komerički & Stoev sp. n. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae): the first eukaryotic species description combining transcriptomic, DNA barcoding and micro-CT imaging data

Abstract We demonstrate how a classical taxonomic description of a new species can be enhanced by applying new generation molecular methods, and novel computing and imaging technologies. A cave-dwelling centipede, Eupolybothrus cavernicolus Komerički & Stoev sp. n. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae), found in a remote karst region in Knin, Croatia, is the first eukaryotic species for which, in addition to the traditional morphological description, we provide a fully sequenced transcriptome, a DNA barcode, detailed anatomical X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) scans, and a movie of the living specimen to document important traits of its ex-situ behaviour. By employing micro-CT scanning in a new species for the first time, we create a high-resolution morphological and anatomical dataset that allows virtual reconstructions of the specimen and subsequent interactive manipulation to test the recently introduced ‘cybertype’ notion. In addition, the transcriptome was recorded with a total of 67,785 scaffolds, having an average length of 812 bp and N50 of 1,448 bp (see GigaDB). Subsequent annotation of 22,866 scaffolds was conducted by tracing homologs against current available databases, including Nr, SwissProt and COG. This pilot project illustrates a workflow of producing, storing, publishing and disseminating large data sets associated with a description of a new taxon. All data have been deposited in publicly accessible repositories, such as GigaScience GigaDB, NCBI, BOLD, Morphbank and Morphosource, and the respective open licenses used ensure their accessibility and re-usability.

The centipede genus Eupolybothrus Verhoeff, 1907 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in North Africa, a cybertaxonomic revision, with a key to all species in the genus and the first use of DNA barcoding for the group.

Abstract The centipede genus Eupolybothrus Verhoeff, 1907 in North Africa is revised. A new cavernicolous species, Eupolybothrus kahfi Stoev & Akkari, sp. n., is described from a cave in Jebel Zaghouan, northeast Tunisia. Morphologically, it is most closely related to Eupolybothrus nudicornis (Gervais, 1837) from North Africa and Southwest Europe but can be readily distinguished by the long antennae and leg-pair 15, a conical dorso-median protuberance emerging from the posterior part of prefemur 15, and the shape of the male first genital sternite. Molecular sequence data from the cytochrome c oxidase I gene (mtDNA–5’ COI-barcoding fragment) exhibit 19.19% divergence between Eupolybothrus kahfi and Eupolybothrus nudicornis, an interspecific value comparable to those observed among four other species of Eupolybothrus which, combined with a low intraspecific divergence (0.3–1.14%), supports the morphological diagnosis of Eupolybothrus kahfi as a separate species. This is the first troglomorphic myriapod to be found in Tunisia, and the second troglomorph lithobiomorph centipede known from North Africa. Eupolybothrus nudicornis is redescribed based on abundant material from Tunisia and its post-embryonic development, distribution and habitat preferences recorded. Eupolybothrus cloudsley-thompsoni Turk, 1955, a nominal species based on Tunisian type material, is placed in synonymy with Eupolybothrus nudicornis. To comply with the latest technological developments in publishing of biological information, the paper implements new approaches in cybertaxonomy, such as fine granularity XML tagging validated against the NLM DTD TaxPub for PubMedCentral and dissemination in XML to various aggregators (GBIF, EOL, Wikipedia), vizualisation of all taxa mentioned in the text via the dynamically created Pensoft Taxon Profile (PTP) page, data publishing, georeferencing of all localities via Google Earth, and ZooBank, GenBank and MorphBank registration of datasets. An interactive key to all valid species of Eupolybothrus is made with DELTA software.

16 Chilopoda – Geographical distribution

Chilopoda have an almost worldwide distribution, inhabiting most continents, major islands and oceanic islands. Scutigeromorpha are present in all continental lands with the exception of the northernmost areas, also in major islands and many oceanic islands. Lithobiomorpha are almost worldwide in distribution, including some northernmost and southernmost regions and islands. Henicopidae range in all continents to the exception of Antarctica, in major islands and some oceanic islands; only scattered records are known from tropical regions. Plutoniumidae are present in the south-western and eastern part of North America, as well as the Mediterranean region. Some taxa richest in species have a very broad geographic range, but their current circumscription is often composite, being possibly polyphyletic or paraphyletic, and distribution is altered by extensive introductions through human activity. This chapter provides a list of the major sub-continental regions that are broadly identifiable as hosting a distinct centipede fauna. Keywords:centipede fauna; chilopoda; Henicopidae; Lithobiomorpha; Plutoniumidae; Scutigeromorpha

I Chilopodi (Chilopoda) dell'Appennino siculo (Monti Peloritani, Monti Nebrodi, Madonie): aspetti faunistici, zoogeografici ed ecologici

Biogeographia vol. X)O( - 2011 (Pubblicato il 23 dicembre 2011) La Biogeografia della Sicilia I Chilopodi (Chilopoda) dell’Appennino siculo (Monti Peloritani, Monti Nebrodi, Madonie): aspetti faunistici, zoogeografici ed ecologici ALESSANDRO MINELLI*, MARZIO ZAPPAROLI** * Dzpartimento all Biologicz, Universitci degli Studi di Pczolowz, via Ugo Bassi 58B, 3513] Padoz/4 (Italy) ** Dzpartimento di Protezione della Picmte, Universita‘ degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camilla De Lelli: s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo (Italy) Key words: centipedes, Sicily, zoogeography, animal communities. SUMMARY The centipedes of Sicilian Apennines, that is Peloritani Mts, Nebrodi Mts and Madonie Mts, are listed and dis- cussed from a faunistic and zoogeographic point ofview in the frame of the centipede fauna of the Sicilian faunis- tic province (Sicily and adjacent small islands). Thirtynine species have been registered in all (1 Scutigerornorpha, 8 Lithobiomorpha, 6 Scolopendromorpha, 24 Geophilomorpha), about 81% and 86% of the species in the Sicil- ian faunistic province (48 species ascertained) and in Sicily s.str. (45 species ascertained) respectively. A chorologi- cal analysis shows in all the three mountain ranges a high percentage of species widely spread in the Mediterranean basin (Peloritani Mrs: 57%; Nebrodi Mrs: 48%; Madonie Mrs: 57%), mostly W-Mediterranean; significant is the percentage of species widely spread in Europe (Peloritani: 23%; Nebrodi: 32%; Madonic: 33%), whereas low is the component of the species widely spread in the I-Ioloarctic Region (Peloritaniz 13%; Nebrodi: 16%; Madonic: 5%). Endemic elements of the Italian fauna (Italian, Tyrrhenian, Sicilian) are Few, no more than 7% of the fauna (Pelori— tani: 7%; Nebrodi: 4%; Madonic: 5%). Preliminary considerations are also given on the qualitative composition ofcentipede assemblages in montane and submonrane habitats of the study area (Frtgu: 5)/lurztica dominated woods; Quercus cerri: dominated woods; shrubs, grasslands and other open habitats). 1. INTRODUZIONE I Chilopodi costituiscono una classe di Artropodi del suolo rappresentata a livello mondiale da circa 3.300 specie (Minelli, 2006); circa 160 specie sono ptesenti in Italia (Zapparoli e Minelli, 2005), su oltre 480 in Europa (Enghoff, 2004). La classe viene tradizionalmente distinta in sei ordini, Geophilomorpha, Sco- lopendromorpha, Lithobiomotpha, Scutigeromorpha, diffusi praticamente in tutto il rnondo ma con il maggior numero di specie nelle aree tropicali, sub- tropicali e temperate, Craterostigmomorpha, presente solo in Nuova Zelanda

Lithobius ( Ezembius ) multispinipes n. sp., a new species of centipede from NorthWest China (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)

The centipede subgenus Lithobius (Ezembius) Chamberlin, 1919 comprises a group of about 60 species known from the Near East across Siberia and Central Asia to China, and Japan, and Southwards into the Northern Indian subcontinent and the Northern part of the Oriental region (Eason 1992, Zapparoli 1999). It is also known from Alaska in Western North America (Zapparoli & Edgecombe 2011). Although the subgenus was formally proposed as new and described in 1923 (Chamberlin 1923), according to Jeekel (2005) its name had been already validated in 1919 (Chamberlin 1919). Ezembius is characterized by the presence of 2+2 or 3+3 coxosternal teeth, antennal articles fixed at 20 or thereabouts, tergites generally without posterior triangular projections and tarsal articulation of legs 1-13 distinct (Chamberlin 1923, Zapparoli & Edgecombe 2011).

Mammal road-killing from a Mediterranean area in central Italy: evidence from an atlas dataset

The dataset available from the compilation of the atlas of mammals of the Province of Rome was used in order to analyze patterns of road-kill. Western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), coypu (Myocastor coypus), brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and medium-sized mustelids were over-represented in the road-killed sub-data set. The spatial coverage (=the ratio between the number of occupied cells from a given species and the total atlas sample cells) of road-killed species was statistically higher than the spatial coverage of the non-road-killed species. Body size of the mammal species did not influence its likelihood of being killed along roads. Our data did corroborate findings by previous research indicating that road-killed species are characterized by peculiar behavioural and ecological traits (e.g., habitat generalists such as red fox and brown rat) or referred to landscape scale for their dynamics and vagility (wide-ranging landscape mosaic species such as red fox and mustelids). Normalizing data, we also observed a higher road-killing impact on carnivores when compared to herbivores. Atlas dataset, although providing some interesting information on road-kill pattern for studies carried out at a landscape/regional scale, could not be used for a careful analysis of the ecological correlates of road-killing in mammals because of their largely heterogeneous nature.

The centipedes of Peloponnisos and first records of genus Eurygeophilus in the East Mediterranean (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)

In this paper we summarize and critically revise the literature records of the centipedes of Peloponnisos in mainland Greece. Moreover, records on recently collected material in East Peloponnisos are included with a special focus on Mount Parnonas. Fifty centipede species are listed (1 Scutigeromorpha, 20 Lithobiomorpha, 6 Scolopendromorpha and 23 Geophilomorpha) belonging to 21 genera, 9 families and 4 orders. The species Eurygeophilus multistiliger (Verhoeff, 1899) is here reported for the first time not only from Greece but also from the East Mediterranean and the Balkan Peninsula. Additionally, the species Geophilus insculptus Attems, 1895, Stenotaenia rhodopensis (Kaczmarek, 1970) and Henia pulchella (Meinert, 1870) are newly recorded from Peloponnisos. Synonyms, general geographic distribution, patterns of distribution (chorotype), literature records, material examined from Mt. Parnonas, and ecological information (such as altitudinal ranges and habitat preferences) are given for each species. Remarks are additionally provided for some species and maps of species distribution in Peloponnisos are presented.

Osservazioni sui Chilopodi dell’Appennino lucano e calabrese (Chilopoda)

Osservazioni sui Chilopodi de1l’Appennin0 lucano e calabrese (Chilopoda) qq MARZIO ZAPPAROLI Istzluto dzq Dzfescz delle Picmte, Uizzberxitci della Tusczkz, Via Scm Camilla De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo SUMMARY The cemipedes occurring in the luczin and calzibrian Appennines (38 species) are listed and discussed from faunistic, zoogeographical and ecological point of view. The identity of some taxa is discussed too. INTRODUZIONE La maggior parte delle notizie sulla fauna dei Chilopodi deI1’Appennino lucano e calabrese si pub desumere dalle monografie di Fanzago (1875, 1880) e di Manfredi (1957), dedicate rispettivamente al popolamento della Calabria (in particolare del versante cirrenico) e del Massiccio del Pollino. Singole citazioni sono rinvenibili in numerosi altri lavori quali Attems (1934), Fanzago (1874), Fedrizzi (1876, 1882), Manfredi (1933, 1953, 1956), Verhoeff (1928) e, piu recentemente, in Eason e Minelli (1966), Matic (1966, 1967, 1968, 1971), Matic e Darabantzu (1971), Wiirmli (1973), Minelli (1985), Minelli, Pasqual, Etonti (1984), Zapparoli (1982). Scope di questa nota e quello di fornire un quadro delle attuali conoscenze sul popolamento dei Chilopodi dell’area in esame. Pertanto vengono critica- mente rivisti i dati disponibili in Ietteratura e integrati con quelli ernersi dallo studio di materiale inedito recentemente raccolto ed esaminato personalmente. Su questa base viene infine svolta 1’ana1isi zoogeografica, nonche alcune consi- derazioni ecologiche sul popolamento de1l’area. Per ogni specie vengono riportate le citazioni bibliografiche relative alla zona in oggetto e il materiale ineclito esaminato con le relative localitit di raccolta elencate in orcline geografico da N a S; altro materiale viene elencatgo di seguito. I1 materiale esaminato, salvo indicazioni contrarie, e conservato presso la colle- zione del1’Aut0re. L’area di studio, considerata clal piano basale a quello culrninale, si intende cosi clelimitata: V (q‘) Ricerche parzialmente eseguite con contributo del M.P.I. (40%) e del C.N.R. (Gruppo Biologia N aturalistica). 311