Masahiko Ooe

Catalysis of dendrimer-bound Pd(II) complex: Selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes to monoenes

Abstract Complexation of the diphenylphosphinomethylated dendrimer DAB-dendr-[N(CH2PPh2)2]16 with PdCl2(PhCN)2 gave a dendrimer-bound PdCl2 complex. The dendritic Pd complex showed high catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes to monoenes under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic activity of the dendritic Pd complex was higher than that of the corresponding low-molecular weight complex [PhN(CH2PPh2)2PdCl2]. The dendritic catalyst was easily recovered from reaction mixtures and could be reused without any loss of the activity.

Efficient deprotection of N-benzyloxycarbonyl group from amino acids by hydroxyapatite-bound Pd catalyst in the presence of molecular hydrogen

Hydroxyapatite-bound Pd catalyst was found to be highly effective for the deprotection of N-benzyloxycarbonyl group from amino acids in the presence of molecular hydrogen. The catalyst was also applicable to the hydrogenolysis of a sterically encumbered core-Z-protected poly(amido amine) dendrimer, affording the dendritic amino compound in 99% yield.

Comparative evaluation of wrinkle treatments.

BackgroundSkin wrinkles are one of the most cosmetically concerning signs of aging for women, and improvements in the visual effect of wrinkles become a matter of concern that has an impact on the quality of life. Although various wrinkle treatments are being tried in the area of aesthetics and noninvasive cosmetic surgery, no guideline on how to treat wrinkles exists to date. This study evaluated the clinical effects of four wrinkle treatment methods [fractional erbium yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) laser treatment, intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, CD-atRA external application, and nutritional therapy with intake of amino acid supplements]. These four methods were selected as promising candidates in a pilot case study to improve wrinkles by following the consensus guideline (Task Force Committee for Evaluation of Anti-Aging Function, J Jpn Cosmet Sci Soc 31:411–431, 2007) for the evaluation of anti-wrinkle effects issued by the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association.MethodsThe wrinkle area fraction and skin viscoelasticity were measured by objective evaluation. Furthermore, a satisfaction survey of the subjects was conducted on the basis of subjective evaluations using the visual analog scale (VAS) method and in accordance with the guideline for the evaluation of antiwrinkle effects.ResultsFractional erbium YAG laser treatment showed statistically significant improvement in both of the objective evaluations (wrinkle area and skin elasticity). The IPL method showed statistically significant improvement in both of the objective evaluations (wrinkle area and skin elasticity), and it especially demonstrated a more significant difference in skin elasticity. The CD-tretinoin external application method showed statistically significant improvement in both of the objective evaluations (wrinkle area and skin elasticity), and it especially demonstrated a more significant difference in wrinkle area. Nutritional therapy showed statistically significant improvement in wrinkle area, whereas IPL, CD-tretinoin external application, and nutritional therapy demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the degree of wrinkle. As for the subjective assessment of VAS, all four treatments demonstrated equivalent satisfaction.ConclusionAll four minimally invasive procedures (fractional erbium YAG treatment, IPL therapy, CD-atRA external application, and intake of amino acid supplements) showed significant improvement of wrinkles. Comparative evaluation of wrinkles using the same criteria is important. The findings clearly showed that an evidence-based approach to wrinkle treatments supported by validation of their effectiveness is required.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Novel catalysis of dendrimer-bound Pd(0) complexes: sterically steered allylic amination and the first application for a thermomorphic system

Phosphinated dendrimer-bound Pd(0) complex catalysts show high stereoselectivity for allylic amination due to the surface congestion of dendrimers and can be easily recycled without loss of activity under thermomorphic conditions.