Masakuni Onda

A Fluorescence histochemical study for the motility of the gallbladder

SummaryFor the purpose of elucidating the motility, particularly the mechanism of contraction of the gallbladder, we classified gallbladders isolated surgically into three groups for a study. That is, the three groups comprised Group I of 40 cases of cholelithiasis with good contraction, Group II of 10 cases of cholelithiasis with poor contraction and Group III of 10 cases of cholelithiasis after gastrectomy for a total of 60 cases. Using gallbladders of these cases, we started with a fundamental study on the autonomic nervous action by the fluorescence histochemical method of Flack and Hillarp and obtained results as follows.Similar results were obtained for Group I and Group II; the gallbladder was subjected to adrenergic innervation and cholinergic innervation, and there was a clear localized difference between true-cholinesterase and pseudo-cholinesterase of the cholinergic nerve. In Group III, proliferation of adrenergic nerve was observed compared with Groups I and II, while disappearance of cholinergic nerve was seen. The gallbladder of Group HI showed slight contraction with cholecystokinin, but it was not blocked with atropine.

Fluorescence histochemical study of the pancreas in the cat.

SummaryThe exocrine and endocrine pancreas was investigated according to the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp. 1) Green fluorescent adrenergic fibers were regularly seen associated with arteries and arterioles in the exocrine pancreas. 2) Cholinergic fibers as shown by cholinesterase activity, were also found in the parenchyma of pancreas. 3) Yellow fluorescent cells scattered in the exocrine parenchyma and localized to a population of pancreatic islet cells with a characteristic distribution at the islet periphery were found. 4) By the fluorescence microscopic observation, inter-or intralobular pancreatic ducts, involving the zymogen granules, can also be seen after treatment with HCL vapor. 5) Yellow fluorescent cells, β-cells containing insulin, remained at the Islet periphery. At present, the above mentioned yellow fluorescent cells are identified as containing HPP (Human pancreatic polypeptide) according to the immunofluorescence technique.With the use of the Falck and Hillarp histochemical technique ethionine induced pancreatitis in cats has been investigated. 1) After seven days of ethionine (5 mg/kg BW oral ad.) treatment, pancreas showed histochemical changes such as hemorrhage, fat necrosis, destruction of acinar cells and degranulation of zymogen from the parenchyma of pancreas. 2) Oral administration of ethionine for ten days induced severe degranulation, rupture of vessels, especially of veins and venules and later influenced arteries or arterioles. 3) Necrosis and fibrosis began to appear in the spaces between the cellular debris and marked pancreatic atrophy could be found. 4) The destruction of Islets of Langerhans can be found in the ethionine induced pancreatic parenchyma. On the other hand, an increased number of Islets of Langerhans was also observed in the site of lobule. 5) The presented finding may also suggest that the duration of administration of ethionine is more important factor than graded doses of ethionine in the production of ethionine induced pancreatitis in cats.

Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the common bile duct in men and cats.

SummaryTo clarify whether or not the common bile duct (CBD) has peristaltic movement, the muscular structure and intrinsic innervation were investigated for the full length of the CBD in 50 fresh human autopsy specimens and 50 cats. Nearly the same results were obtained in control groups of humans and cats. 1) Abundant sympathetic noradrenergic innervation, mainly composed of two plexuses, was demonstrated in each layer of the common bile duct tissue. 2) Parasympathetic nervous innervation was also abundant in each layer of the common bile duct and was composed of two ganglionated cholinergic plexuses. 3) Human and cat ganglia were composed of several nerve cells, which were mostly of Dogiel type II. 4) No other biogenic monoamines than adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were detected. 5) Digestive tract hormones were undetectable. 6) The presense of smooth muscle was confirmed all along the common bile duct in all cases. The muscular tissue of the CBD was more abundant in humans than in cats. 7) The results of quantitation of catecholamine and acetylcholine esterase in the common bile duct tissue demonstrated a good correlation between biochemical and histochemical activities.

The result of group medical examination of stomach for ten years

revealed 7 deaths, 2 of which were of gastr ic cancer detected at the first examination and one was of gastric ulcer. The remaining four were of various diseases. The reasons answered in the questionnaire were (1) too busy to undertake the X-ray examination and (2) too troublesome to do though necessary. 210 subjects showed the opinion that if the examination bus visited their district, they were glad to be examined. Frequent explanation and information made 145 of the 210 subjects come to the examination finally. No gastr ic or other cancer was detected among them. Summary The registereed X-ray mass survey on gastric cancer from simple screening to elaborated examinations and the follow-up study were performed in the Chiba district population by us in the same hospital. Improvements in examination facilities including transportat ion and a X-ray bus will ease the survey and earlier detection of gastric cancer.