Masao Furusho

Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique for Reducing the Number of Marine Accidents in Indonesia

Human factors is playing an important role in every accident, particularly marine accidents. Hence, a lot of researches were conducted to analyze the human factors involvement in the accidents. Since the development of marine industry shows progressively increasing nowadays, especially in Indonesia, as Indonesia vision to be a global maritime axis of the world for marine industry, the awareness of safety life at sea has to be increase as well. Human reliability analysis (HRA) consist of many methodologies to analyze the accidents, the basic steps of HRA is qualitative method and quantitative method, one of the HRA methodology is Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methodology which has been established in 1982 to assess nuclear power plant. HEART methodology is applied in this study to analyze the cause of marine accidents by human factors. The aims of this study are to know the main cause of accidents by human factors, to increase the awareness of safety at sea especially, and furthermore to improve the quality of ergonomics at sea. There are 93 EPC which discovered in this study for analyzing marine accidents in Indonesia.

The Development of Marine Accidents Human Reliability Assessment Approach: HEART Methodology and MOP Model

Humans are one of the important factors in the assessment of accidents, particularly marine accidents. Hence, studies are conducted to assess the contribution of human factors in accidents. There are two generations of Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) that have been developed. Those methodologies are classified by the differences of viewpoints of problem‐solving, as the first generation and second generation. The accident analysis can be determined using three techniques of analysis; sequential techniques, epidemiological techniques and systemic techniques, where the marine accidents are included in the epidemiological technique. This study compares the Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methodology and the 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model, which are applied to assess marine accidents. Furthermore, the MOP model can effectively describe the relationships of other factors which affect the accidents; whereas, the HEART methodology is only focused on human factors. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 11

Introducing 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) Model to Analyze Accidents in Maritime Traffic System (MTS): A Case Study on Collisions in Japan Based on Occurrence Time

This paper applies the 4M overturned pyramid (MOP) model to analyze collisions in Japan with the point of view of occurrence time, i.e., day, night, and twilight time. The MOP model is a newly developed model by the authors. Utilizing this model, the characteristics of accidents in a certain place and certain period can be determined to identify the most common causative factors and line relation leading to the accident. In this study, 20 accident reports that have been re-analyzed by the MOP model obtained from the JTSB website for the period 2008-2013.

Potential of maritime monitoring by using space-born Synthetic Aperture Radar

According to UNCTAD, the amount of global seaborne trade to have increased by 4.3%, with the reaching over 9 billion tons in 2012 for the first time ever. Nowadays, the number of Earth observation Satellite onboard Synthetic Aperture Rader (SAR) sensor. The ALOS-2 is the successor to the ALOS has been lunched in 2014. Japanese L-band radar keep monitoring for disaster, agriculture, as well as several maritime events to improve the protection of the marine environment and safety. This study aims to investigate several applications of space-born SAR sensors for maritime activity. In this paper, SAR Application has been discussed in order to assess the potential to be used for maritime activities. It was used to evaluate the performance of maritime monitoring in wide ocean area and visualizing information by SAR imagery.

A Comparison of the Common Causes of Maritime Accidents in Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Australia, and England

Maritime accidents threaten the safety of life at sea and have an adverse impact on the economic performance of the shipping industry. This study applies the Human Error Assessment and Reductive Technique (HEART) methodology to analyze maritime accidents in different countries and calculate the human error probability for each maritime accident. A sample of 125 marine accidents in five countries is analyzed. The results show that scant attention paid to fairly simple tasks is the most common cause of maritime accidents. In addition, 474 error-producing conditions are obtained and analyzed in this study. Furthermore, keeping a good communication among seafarers is important to prevent the accidents.

Causative Chains that Leads to Ship Collisions in Japanese Maritime Traffic System (MTS) as Final Outcome of MOP Model

This paper is written as one of the records of MOP model developments. MOP model is a new creation model for re-analyzing accidents in maritime traffic system (MTS). MOP is an abbreviation from 4M Overturned Pyramid, where 4M is Man, Machine, Media, and Management. The MOP Model is a 3D view model, looks like thee sided inverted pyramid that has 4 corners representing 4M and 6 edges as line relation for corners. At this paper, MOP model has been developed until the last steps. There are 2 steps utilizing MOP model when re-analyzing accidents, namely Corner Analysis (CA) that resulting causative factors (CFs) as the first step, and Line Relation Analysis (LRA) that resulting causative chains (CCs) as the second step. To see how this step works, 20 ship collisions in Japanese MTS have been re-analyzed. In this research, MOP Model has been upgraded until the second step, namely Line Relation Analysis (LRA). The outcome of this step is causative chain (CC). The results is there is core causative chain that has several heads and tails. However, most of the causative factor (CF) that perform CC are classified in Man Factor, especially improper look-out.

The Improvement of Yacht Entry and Exit Ports as a Marina in Indonesia

Indonesia`s marine tourism industry has been increasing significantly in recent years. Yacht and Marina are the potential maritime tourism attraction to be improved. The Indonesian Government takes it seriously to make foreign yacht easier to visit Indonesia. A MOP model has shown its effectiveness to be utilized to analyze 18 ports, the model has been instrumental to determine which ports need improvement.

Conversion Timing of Seafarer's Decision-making for Unmanned Ship Navigation

The aim of this study is to construct an unmanned ship swarms monitoring model to improve autonomous decision‐making efficiency and safety performance of unmanned ship navigation. A framework is proposed to determine the relationship between on‐board decision‐making and shore side monitoring, the process of ship data detection, tracking, analysis and loss, and the application of decision‐making algorithm, to discuss the different risk responses of specific unmanned ship types under various latent hazard environments, particularly in terms of precise conversion timing in switching over to remote control and full manual monitoring, to ensure safe navigation when the capability of automatic risk response inadequate. This frame‐ work makes it easier to train data and the adjustment for machine learning based on Bayesian risk prediction. It can be concluded that the automation level can be increased and the workload of shore‐based seafarers can be reduced easily. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 11

4M Study to Support Indonesia's Maritime Tourism Development

Indonesia as an archipelagic state with given abundant natural resources need a sustainable development in many aspects to strengthen its position in international community. Current Government vision in archipelago thinking aims at the development of maritime sector including maritime tourism and connectivity to get better equality regional development. Each region has its special potential assets and needs good concept of development design based on the regional development agenda. Smart, Merchant, and Festive are the types of conceptual design development for passenger terminal, while booster marina and enhancer marina has its role to make the development of maritime tourism locally connected internationally recognized. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 11

Causative Chain Difference for each Type of Accidents in Japanese Maritime Traffic Systems (MTS)

Causative chain (CC) is a failure chain that cause accident as an outcome product of the second step of MOP model, namely line relation analysis (LRA). This CC is a connection of several causative factors (CF), an outcome product of first step of MOP model, namely corner analysis (CA). MOP Model is an abbreviation from 4M Overturned Pyramid, created by authors by combining 2 accident analysis models. There are two steps in this model, namely CA and LRA. Utilizing this model can know what is CF that happen dominantly to the accidents and what is a danger CC that characterize accidents in a certain place and certain period. By knowing the characteristics, the preventive action can be decided to decrease the number of accident in the next period. The aim of this paper is providing the development of MOP Model that has been upgraded and understanding the characteristics of each type accident. The data that is analyzed in this paper is Japanese accidents from 2008 until 2013, which is available on Japan Transportation Safety Board (JTSB)’s website. The analysis shows that every type of accidents has a unique characteristic, shown by their CFs and CCs. However, Man Factor is still playing role to the system dominantly. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 11