Masayo Ogawa

ONLINE REGISTRY FOR THE PREVENTION OF DEMENTIA IN JAPAN

11.7% of the old man was in good nutrition, up to 68.3% was in potential risk of malnutrition and 20.0% was malnutrition. Staple foods, milk and products, vegetables and edible oil were 233.3g/ day, 46.5 g/day, 165.0 g/day and 6.4 g/day, respectively. Results of ADL survey showed that disabled accounted for 28.3%, and in which 58.9% of light disabled, 23.6% for moderate and 17.6% for severe disabled. Subjects of BMI<18.5kg/maccounted for 36.6%, anemia, low-protein and low-albumin accounted for 56.7%,16.7% and 46.7%, respectively. From the MoCA Scale test, the declined cognitive abilities accounted for 48.1% totally. The correlation coefficient between cognitive score and staple foods, milk and products, beans, vegetables was 0.97, 0.90, 0.94 and 0.97 respectively. Conclusions:The nutrition and cognition ability in nursing homes was severe and more attention should be paid for improvement of nutrition prevention among older adults lived in nursing home.

Regional tau deposition and subregion atrophy of medial temporal structures in early Alzheimer's disease: A combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging study

Molecular imaging and selective hippocampal subfield atrophy are a focus of recent Alzheimers disease (AD) research. Here, we investigated correlations between molecular imaging and hippocampal subfields in early AD.

Analysis of risk factors for mild cognitive impairment based on word list memory test results and questionnaire responses in healthy Japanese individuals registered in an online database

Although the development of effective therapeutic drugs and radical treatment options for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains urgent, progress in recent clinical trials of AD drugs has been less than adequate. In order to advance the progress of clinical trials, it is necessary to establish more efficient methods of recruitment. In Japan, there are registration systems stratified by mild cognitive impairment and preclinical and clinical stages of early and advanced stage dementia, but there is no registration system for healthy individuals yet. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a large-scale, internet-based health registry to investigate factors associated with cognitive function among registered participants. A total of 1038 participants completed the initial questionnaire and word list memory test. Among these participants, 353 individuals completed a second questionnaire and memory test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 for Windows at a statistical significance level of p<0.05. We found that mood, motivation, and a decreased ability to perform activities of daily living were significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the present study suggest that maintaining social involvement is important to prevent decreases in physical activity, daily function, mood, and motivation.

Dissociation of Tau Deposits and Brain Atrophy in Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Combined Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

The recent advent of tau-specific positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled in vivo assessment of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, because PET scanners have limited spatial resolution, the measured signals of small brain structures or atrophied areas are underestimated by partial volume effects (PVEs). The aim of this study was to determine whether partial volume correction (PVC) improves the precision of measures of tau deposits in early AD. We investigated tau deposits in 18 patients with amyloid-positive early AD and in 36 amyloid-negative healthy controls using 18F-THK5351 PET. For PVC, we applied the SPM toolbox PETPVE12. The PET images were then spatially normalized and subjected to voxel-based group analysis using SPM12 for comparison between the early AD patients and healthy controls. We also compared these two groups in terms of brain atrophy using voxel-based morphometry of MRI. We found widespread neocortical tracer retention predominantly in the posterior cingulate and precuneus areas, but also in the inferior temporal lobes, inferior parietal lobes, frontal lobes, and occipital lobes in the AD patients compared with the controls. The pattern of tracer retention was similar between before and after PVC, suggesting that PVC had little effect on the precision of tau load measures. Gray matter atrophy was detected in the medial/lateral temporal lobes and basal frontal lobes in the AD patients. Interestingly, only a few associations were found between atrophy and tau deposits, even after PVC. In conclusion, PVC did not significantly affect 18F-THK5351 PET measures of tau deposits. This discrepancy between tau deposits and atrophy suggests that tau load precedes atrophy.

Association of deposition of tau and amyloid-β proteins with structural connectivity changes in cognitively normal older adults and Alzheimer’s disease spectrum patients: XXXX

Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of extracellular amyloid‐β and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. The recent advent of tau positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled in vivo assessment of tau pathology. The aim of this study was to explore whether tau deposition influences the structural connectivity in amyloid‐negative and amyloid‐positive groups, and further explore the difference between the groups.

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA BASED ON 10-WORD MEMORY TEST RESULTS AND QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES IN HEALTHY JAPANESE INDIVIDUALS REGISTERED IN AN ONLINE REGISTRY

diagnostic criteria. General linear models were used for statistical analysis of volumetric changes.We fitted model incorporating fixed sex, age, education, GDS, cognitive and APOE status. Results:140 non-demented subjects with memory complaints (92 SCD, 38 MCI), age 66.23(7.01), were analyzed. High SWB score correlated significantly p1⁄4.05 with lower atrophy rates of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) bilaterally, left medial-orbito-frontal, right superiorfrontal and superior-temporal thickness. Analyzing separately the transcendent and non-transcendent scores within this model – only transcendental domain score influenced the p1⁄4.05 negative correlation with atrophy rates of left PPC, right superior-frontal and left fusiform thickness. Conclusions:Level of SWB influenced atrophy rates in regions affected by AD pathology, associated with visual and spatial attention and with behavioral symptoms. The effect of the transcendental domain seems to be more pronounced.

Voxel-based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer’s Disease (VSRAD) on 3-tesla Normal Database: Diagnostic Accuracy in Two Independent Cohorts with Early Alzheimer’s Disease

Voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD) software is widely used in clinical practice in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The existing VSRAD is based on the normal database with 1.5-tesla MRI scans (VSRAD-1.5T), and its utility for patients have undergone 3-tesla MRI is still controversial. We recruited 19 patients with early AD and 28 healthy controls who had undergone 3-tesla MRI scans at our institute (Cohort 1). We also used the 3-tesla MRI data of 30 patients with early AD and 13 healthy controls from the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Cohort 2). We also created a new VSRAD based on 65 normal subjects’ 3-tesla MRI scans (VSRAD-3T), and compared the detectability of AD between VSRAD-1.5T and VSRAD-3T, using receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses. As a result, there were no significant differences in the detectability of AD between VSRAD-3T and VSRAD-1.5T, except for the whole white matter atrophy score, which showed significantly better AUC in VSRAD-3T than in VSRAD-1.5T in both Cohort 1 (p=0.04) and 2 (p<0.01). Generally, there were better diagnostic values in Cohort 2 than in Cohort 1. The optimal cutoff values varied but were generally lower than in the previously published data. In conclusion, for patients with 3-tesla MRI, the detectability of early AD by the existing VSRAD was not different from that by the new VSRAD based on 3-tesla database. We should exercise caution when using the existing VSRAD for 3-tesla white matter analyses or for setting cutoff values.

LONGITUDINAL ALTERATION OF BRAIN STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

require manual intervention. As such, these methods are susceptible to intra/inter-segmentor variability and require trained resource for quality control (QC). Herewe present a fully automated pipeline for estimation of whole-brain atrophy with subsequent automatic QC testing, minimising sources of potential variability and need for visual inspection. Methods: We employed a subset (n1⁄4372) of the ADNI1 cohort with 1.5T T1 images and KMN-BSI values available (Fox Lab, ADNI) at Baseline, 12 month and a 24 month follow-up as validation data set. Baseline images were brain extracted with PinCram (Heckemann;PLOS,2015) and N4 Bias field corrected (Tustison;IEEE,2010). Longitudinal images were registered to the baseline image, bias corrected and intensity normalised to the baseline intensity profile. Segmentation was performed on baseline images using a whole-brain multi-atlas segmentation approach (WB LEAP; Wolz, NeuroImage, 2010; Ledig,Proc ISBI,2012). From this, we obtain subject probabilistic maps of cerebral tissue types used to initialise a probabilistic temporospatial segmentation using expectation maximisation based optimisation (Ledig,IEEE,2014). To ensure data quality is maintained, a visual inspection of the input baseline tissue segmentations is required only. QC of image registrations and longitudinal segmentations is performed automatically through tolerance testing on the spatial cross-correlation between registered images, annualised atrophy and normalised volumetric change. Resultant atrophy estimations were compared to KMNBSI values for validation. Results: The proposed automatic QC reported a 90% pass rate for longitudinal segmentations; upon inspection, all automatic QC pass grades were found to be correct. Segmentations failing automatic QC were visually inspected, 8 subjects failed due to poor registrations. Good agreement was observed between atrophy estimated with KNM-BSI and the proposed method; significant correlation was observed in atrophy estimations at month 12 (r1⁄40.62,p<<0.01) and month 24 (r1⁄40.73,p<<0.01). Reported effect and sample sizes were not significantly different between methods for any clinical group or follow-up. Conclusions: We have proposed a fully automatic method for longitudinal assessment of whole-brain atrophy with semi-automatic QC, reducing potential segmentor/rater variance and reporting atrophy consistent with the BSI method.

DIFFUSION KURTOSIS IMAGE ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH TAU ACCUMULATION MEASURED BY [18F] THK-5351 IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

ciations were localized to left lateral frontal cortices (Figure 1-B; p<0.05 FDR corrected). Parallel-ICA analysis revealed covarying (r1⁄40.36; p1⁄40.0006) patterns of increased rates of amyloid accumulation (retrospective) predominantly in the right temporal lobe retrospectively and increased tau deposition bilaterally in the medial temporal cortices and left lateral temporal and frontal cortices (Figure 2; z>2.5). Conclusions: Tau deposition in early symptomatic stages of AD shows significant positive associations with both LAB and RA3R. Non-local associations, in particular, linking increased amyloid accumulation rates in frontal and lateral temporal cortices with increased tau deposition in medial temporal cortices, are of great interest and supports the idea that the disease pathology spread follows the brain’s intrinsic connectivity networks and potential remote effects of amyloid via the brain networks.