Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab

Validation and reliability test of Persian version of The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS).

Validation and reliability test of Persian version of The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS)

Iranian cancer patients’ perception of spirituality: a qualitative content analysis study

BackgroundSpirituality is a subjective and multi-dimensional concept. The ambiguity in its meaning can create barriers in its application in both education and medicine. The present study aimed to explore the Iranian cancer patients’ perception of spirituality.MethodsA qualitative study, using the content analysis approach, was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were held with 11 cancer patients and six members of their families in one of Tehran’s hospitals and a charity institute. The data generated were transcribed verbatim and content analysis approach was used for data reduction, naming data, obtaining analytical code and determining categories and themes.ResultsThree themes (and seven sub-themes) emerged from the data analysis: 1) God as the spiritual truth (relationship with God and trust in God), 2) Moralities as a spiritual sign (considering personal and social moral codes) and 3) Spiritual resources as the source of hope (religious, personal and social resources).ConclusionsOverall, in the view of cancer patients, spirituality can be defined in a religious context. However, some of them believe in morality beside religiosity, so health care staff must pay due attention to these aspects, to provide them with the opportunity to use spiritual resources.

The Effect of a Preoperative Spiritual/Religious Intervention on Anxiety in Shia Muslim Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with anxiety. Preoperative anxiety is considered a predictor for a range of suboptimal postsurgical outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a spiritual/religious training intervention on anxiety in Shia Muslim individuals scheduled for CABG. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of a preoperative spiritual/religious training intervention, congruent with Islamic supplication (Zikr), was administered in five sessions of 45 minutes duration to test the impact on anxiety in comparison with standard care. Seventy participants were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. Baseline levels of anxiety and the impact of the intervention were assessed using the Persian version of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the intervention and control groups. Following the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in anxiety mean scores between intervention (19.48 ± 2.03) and control groups (43.27 ± 5.49), p < .001. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that preoperative spiritual/religious training can reduce anxiety in Muslim patients undergoing CABG. Further evaluation of this intervention in other population groups is warranted and the study underscores the importance of culturally appropriate and interventions.

What Strategies Do the Nurses Apply to Cope With Job Stress?: A Qualitative Study

Background: Nursing staff encounter a lot of physical, psychological and social stressors at work. Because the adverse effects of job stress on the health of this group of staff and subsequently on the quality of care services provided by nurses; study and identify how nurses cope with the job stress is very important and can help prevent the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses to identify the strategies they used to cope with the job stress. Methods: In this qualitative study content analysis approach was used. Purposive sampling approach was applied. The sample population included 18 nurses working in three hospitals. Data collection was conducted through face to face unstructured interview and was analyzed using conventional content analysis approach. Findings: The analysis of the data emerged six main themes about the strategies used by nurses to cope with job stress, which, include: situational control of conditions, seeking help, preventive monitoring of situation, self-controlling, avoidance and escape and spiritual coping. Conclusions: Exploring experiences of nurses on how to cope with job stress emerged context-dependent and original strategies and this knowledge can pave the ground for nurses to increase self-awareness of how to cope with job stress. And could also be the basis for planning and the adoption of necessary measures by the authorities to adapt nurses with their profession better and improves their health which are essential elements to fulfill high-quality nursing care.

What Really Motivates Iranian Nurses to Be Creative in Clinical Settings?: A Qualitative Study

Background: Creativity and innovation are key elements for organization improvement, particularly in nursing, and for finding alternatives for solving nurses’ occupational problems. Nurses’ creativity is affected by motivation. Although, there are many possible sources of motivation, the Iranian nurses’ creativity is seldom clarified, and the most important factors motivating nurses to be creative in clinical settings has rarely been addressed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore Iranian nurses’ experiences regarding the most important factors that motivate their creativity in clinical settings. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis approach. A purposive sample of sixteen nurses was recruited from two educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Jahrom Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran. Data were gathered through conducting face-to-face semi-structured interviews and were analyzed by qualitative content analysis approach. Findings: Five main themes emerged from the data analysis, including: (a) Intrinsic motivators, (b) Extrinsic motivators, (c) Achievement motivators, (d) Relational or altruistic motivators, and (e) Spiritual motivators. Conclusions: Study findings indicated that nurses are creative and innovative individuals. So nurse managers and health policy makers should consider creativity as an integral part of all health and clinical strategies and policies. They should support creative and innovative efforts of nurses and provide a climate in which nurses engage in more creative and productive behaviors.

The experience of Iranian entrepreneurial nurses on the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities: A qualitative study

Background: To respond to the growing and emerging needs of the people in the health sector, the nurses need to develop their working domain from the hospitals to the community and be prepared to provide entrepreneurial roles at different care levels. Thus, to discover how to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of nursing entrepreneurship, a study was conducted with the aim of describing the experiences of Iranian entrepreneurs on the identification of proper opportunities in entrepreneurship. Materials and Methods: This study was a qualitative research in which the Graneheim and Lundmans content analysis was used to collect and analyze the data. Thirteen entrepreneurial nurses were purposefully selected, and the data were collected by unstructured interviews. Results: As a result of data analysis, three main themes were obtained including the resources for opportunity identification and opportunity assessment and identification of proper opportunities. Conclusion: The findings indicate how to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of health by entrepreneurial nurses which is the first step in the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used to educate nurses who are interested in entering the field of nursing entrepreneurship.

Facilitators and barriers to the privacy of Iranian hospitalized patients in government hospitals

Background Privacy is one of the essential needs of humans, and is therefore crucial in effective healthcare systems. There is limited research clearly addressing the facilitators and barriers underpinning privacy for hospitalized patients. Aims This study aimed to explore Iranian patients’ perceptions and experiences with the facilitators and barriers of privacy in government hospital in-patients. Methods This qualitative study was conducted on 22 patients admitted to the in-patient departments of government hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using individualized semistructured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was performed by means of an inductive content analysis approach. Results The analysis of the experiences of the hospitalized patient’s extraction of six themes. These themes included the ethical and legal backgrounds of privacy, multi-dimensional design of privacy, perceived vulnerability, patriarchal care, conflict between privacy and care, individual backgrounds, nature of disease, and informed consent. Conclusion The privacy of the hospitalized patient is affected by complicated factors. These factors are facilitators and barriers and should be considered in the design of care.

The Motivations of Iranian Patients With Cardiovascular Disease to Seek Health Information: A Qualitative Study

Background Cardiovascular patients need information to preserve and promote their health, but not all of them have the necessary motivation to seek relevant health knowledge. Objectives The present study analyzed experiences of patients, family caregivers, and healthcare providers to explore the motivating factors that cause cardiovascular patients to seek important health information. Patients and Methods This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and conventional qualitative content analysis method. Thirty-six people, including 18 cardiovascular patients, 7 family caregivers, and 11 healthcare providers (from multidisciplinary backgrounds) participated in the study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling and continued until data saturation. Data collection and analysis proceeded simultaneously and with constant comparison; this study was carried out from May 2012 to May 2013. Results During the analysis process, three main themes were extracted that characterized participants’ experiences, perceptions, and motivations to seek health information. The themes were “Optimizing quality of life, “Desire for personal rights to be respected,” and “Gaining confidence through consultation.” Conclusions Our findings showed that, through seeking information, patients try to achieve well-being and realize their personal rights as well as their right to security. They should also be encouraged to enhance their quality of life by using the Knowles’ learning theory to formulate their needs and learning priorities.

Experience of Spiritual Care in Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

The aim of the study was to explore the experience of spiritual care among a cardiac rehabilitation team. Spiritual care is an important dimension of providing comprehensive care, and understanding the views of health professionals is pivotal to making recommendations for caring. This study used an interpretive phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 13 cardiac rehabilitation professionals. Seven persons participated in individual interviews and six in focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using Smith and Osborn’s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Study data were categorized into more than 150 initial themes, 12 clustered and four superordinate themes, included: ‘Helping patients to obtain a meaningful sense of being’, ‘Providing religious/spiritual focused care’, ‘holistic approach to rehabilitation is needed’ and ‘spirituality as a neglected aspect of rehabilitation’. Participants described that they did not have sufficient training in providing spiritual care. Nurses’ awareness of spiritual care meaning among a cardiac rehabilitation team is helping to respond to rehabilitation care in a holistic approach. Helping patients to get a meaningful sense of being is an important part of assisting in recovery and adjustment following an acute cardiac event. Providing clear guidelines and support for providing spiritual care in cardiac rehabilitation is required.