Mastura Bujang

Performance of Waste Cooking Oil in Asphalt Binder Modification

Oxidation, hydrolysis and polymerization process during frying activity has caused the alteration value of the waste cooking oil (WCO) properties which is acid value and water content. This parameter is recognized as the quality measurement of waste cooking oil that might be affecting the performance of WCO in binder modification. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to relate the quality of WCO by the determination of the WCO parameter with the performance of WCO in modified binder by physical and rheological binder testing. Based on the finding, the high and good quality of WCO is recorded in December sample with the lowest acid value (1.66 mL/g) and water content (0.01 ml). The high quality of WCO affected the good performance of rheological properties where the higher rutting resistance and temperature failure at 64 °C is achieved by the modified asphalt binder with the addition of WCO in December sample.

Chemical Identification of Waste Cooking Oil as Additive in Bitumen

The behavior and performance of waste cooking oil (WCO) as an additive and replacement of neat bitumen through the modification of asphalt binder is influenced by its chemical structure and composition. Therefore, the identification of chemical composition inside the WCO-modified bitumen should be identified before any modification is taken that later on will affect its performance. Thus, this paper has emphasized and explained about the chemical composition inside modified bitumen by using WCO. The characterization of each chemical element and functional group of WCO-modified bitumen are conducted by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). GCMS result showed that the presence of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in WCO while from the FTIR observation, there are same type of functional group existed in all sample which is C-H bond (alkyl). Through the chemical observation conducted, therefore the chemical alteration is required to improve the performance of WCO in modified bitumen in the future.

Effect of Antioxidant Characteristic from Waste Cooking Oil in Modified Asphalt Binder

Aging process especially in asphalt binder material can occur throughout the life cycle of asphalt pavement starting from mixing, placement and during the service life. During this process, the more stiffer and brittle of asphalt binder is produced due to age hardening and gives an indication of initial factor of deterioration in asphalt pavement. A number of noteworthy researchers have focused on oil based modification to produce modified asphalt binder by using Waste Cooking Oil (WCO), due to the presence of natural antioxidant properties possessed in WCO. Antioxidant has played the role as an oxidative inhibition and has the potential to minimize the aging rate to occur. The aging process is conducted by separating between short term and long term aging where short term oxidative aging of binders was simulated using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) while long term aging was performed using pressure aging vessel (PAV). The laboratory evaluation was carried out to investigate the relationship between the qualities of WCO that affect the availability of antioxidant amount towards the susceptibility of aging rate by conducting Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The result from rheological studies demonstrated that the lowest Aging Index (AI) is presented as 2.14, 2.18 and 1.79 for replacement by using WCO in December sample at concentration of 3%, 4% and 5% for short term aging while AI at 3% = 5.17 and 5% = 7.22 for long term aging. Therefore, the high quality of oil represented by WCO in December sample has indicated the high availability of antioxidant content that can minimize the aging susceptibility in the asphalt binder modified by WCO.