Masum Öztürk

Immigration-related mental health disorders in refugees 5–18 years old living in Turkey

Purpose This study assessed early-onset psychiatric disorders and factors related to these disorders in a group of refugee children after immigration due to war. Materials and methods This study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2016. Clinical interviews were conducted with 89 children and their families, and were performed by native speakers of Arabic and Persian who had been primarily educated in these languages and were living in Turkey. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) that had Arabic and Persian validity and reliability was applied to both children and their families. Independent variables for cases with and without a psychiatric disorder were analyzed using the χ2 test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for those that were normally distributed, and Mann–Whitney U-test for data that were not normally distributed. Data that showed significant differences between groups who had a psychiatric disorder and on common effects in emerging psychiatric disorders were analyzed through binary logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 89 children and adolescents were interviewed within the scope of the study. The mean age of cases was 9.96±3.98 years, and 56.2% (n=50) were girls, while 43.8% (n=39) were boys. Among these children, 47 (52.8%) had come from Syria, 27 (30.3%) from Iraq, 14 (15.7%) from Afghanistan, and 1 (1.1%) from Iran. A psychiatric disorder was found in 44 (49.4%) of the children. A total of 26 children were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 12 with depressive disorders, 8 with trauma and related disorders, 5 with elimination disorders, 4 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3 with intellectual disabilities. It was determined that seeing a dead or injured person during war/emigration and the father’s unemployment increased the risk of psychopathology. The OR was 7.077 (95% CI 1.722–29.087) for having seen a dead or injured individual and 4.51 (95% GA 1.668–12.199) for father’s employment status. Conclusion Within the context of war and emigration, these children try to cope with the negative circumstances they experience prior to migration, as well as the despair they see their parents experience.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale for children aged 11-17 years

Background/aim: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 32 patients treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and 98 healthy volunteers who were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was also used along with the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. Results: Regarding reliability analyses, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.932. The test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r = 0.707. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 62.6% of the variance was obtained and this was consistent with the original construct of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with SCARED. Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and reliability of the turkish version of DSM-5 specific phobia severity scale- child form

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Specific Phobia Severity Scale- Child Form. Method: Study group consisted of 50 patients that have been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with any specific phobia and 100 healthy volunteers. For the assessment, Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders was used along with DSM-5 Specific Phobia Severity Scale- Child Form. Results: Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0,961. Test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r= 0,750. As for construct validity, a factor that could explain 74.1 % of the variance was obtained and was consistent with the original structure of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the correlation coefficient with the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders in children is r = 0.480. Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of DSM-5 Specific Phobia Severity Scale- Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes. Keywords: DSM-5, Specific Phobia Severity Scale, reliability, validity

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–child form

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Child Form. METHODS: The scale was prepared by carrying out translation and back-translation of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Child Form. The study group consisted of 41 patients who had been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder and 100 healthy volunteers who were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was also used, along with the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Child Form. RESULTS: The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.932, while the item–total score correlation coefficients were between 0.400 and 0.874. One factor that could explain 63% of the variance was obtained. The scale showed a medium correlation with SCARED. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated as 0.898. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the Turkish version of DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–Child Form could be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale- Child Form

Introduction This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorders. (5th ed.) (DSM-5) Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale- Child Form. Method The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and back translation of the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. The study group consisted of 31 patients that had been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and 99 healthy volunteers that were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was also used along with the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. Results Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbachs alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.941, while item-total score correlation coefficients were measured between 0.566 and 0.866. A test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r=0.711. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 66.0 % of the variance was obtained. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with the SCARED. Conclusion It was concluded that the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale (Child Form for 11-17 Years and Parent Form for 6-17 Years)

Introduction This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scales child and parent forms. Methods The scale was constructed by carrying out the translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale. The study group consisted of a community and clinical sample. The scale was applied to 148 parents and 189 adolescents that represented the clinical and community sample. During the assessment process, Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - Parent Form were also used. Results Reliability analyses indicated a high internal consistency regarding Level 2 Anxiety Scales, both for child and parent forms (0.915/0.933). In the meantime, it was shown that child form for Level 2 Anxiety Scale was significantly correlated with Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (r=0.758, p<0.0001) while the parent form was significantly correlated with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - Parent Form (r=0.717, p<0.0001). As for the content validity, one factor was obtained for both forms, and it was observed to be consistent with the original construct of the scale. Conclusion It was concluded that Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anxiety Scale was a valid and reliable tool to be utilized both for clinical practice, and research purposes.

DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale Validity and Reliability of Turkish Form (Form for Children Aged 11-17 Years and Parent Form for Children Aged 6-17 Years)

Introduction This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale. Method The scale was prepared by translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale. Study groups consisted of a clinical sample that contained cases that had sleep related problems and treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and also a community sample. In the assessment process, child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale and also Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. As for reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item-total score correlation analysis, test-retest reliability; and for validity analyses, explanatory factor analysis and for concurrent validity, correlation analyses with Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were made. Results In reliability analyses, Cronbachs alpha internal consistency coefficient values were found to be very highly reliable regarding child and parent forms. Item-total score correlation coefficients were high for child form while medium and high for parent form; indicating a statistical significance. As for construct validity, two factors were maintained that would count for 74.1% of the variance in child form and 66.9% of the variance in parent form. It was seen that positive and negative statements weighed on two different factors. As for concurrent validity, child and parent form of the scale showed significant correlation with Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Turkish version (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusion It was found that Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale- Child Form

INTRODUCTION This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale-Child Form for use among the Turkish population. METHODS The study group consisted of 30 patients that had been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and 83 healthy volunteers that were attending middle or high school during the study period. For reliability analyses, the internal consistency coefficient and the test-retest correlation coefficient were measured. For validity analyses, the exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index for concurrent validity were measured. RESULTS The Cronbachs alpha (the internal consistency coefficient) of the scale was 0.909, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.663. One factor that could explain 58.5% of the variance was obtained and was congruent with the original construct of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed high correlation with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale-Child Form can be used as a valid and reliable tool.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 “Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms-Child Age 11–17” Form

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 “Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms—Child Age 11–17” Form Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 “Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms—Child Age 11–17” Form. Method: The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and backtranslation of DSM-5 “Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms—Child Age 11–17” Form. Study group consisted of 30 patients that have been treated in a child psychiatry clinic and diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and 40 healthy volunteers that attended middle or high school at the study period. For the assessment, Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index was also used along with DSM-5 “Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms—Child Age 11–17”