Masuo Kashiwadani

Origin-destination matrices estimation model using automatic vehicle identification data and its application to the Han-Shin expressway network

The Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) system was recently installed in expressway networks in Japan. License plate numbers of passing vehicles are monitored through roadside AVI cameras and then recognized. This paper shows the formulation of origin and destination (OD) matrices estimation model using the observed data with the AVI system. The results of license plate matching between a pair of AVI cameras are involved as the input variables. The formulated model is a least squares model and yields to the linear transformation of the partly observed OD matrices. The model is applied to the Kobe corridor line in the Han-Shin expressway network. It is found that the estimated OD matrix is consistent with the one using the previous mail survey. The proposed estimation method is expected to investigate the day-to-day fluctuations of OD patterns in the expressway network.

STOCHASTIC NETWORK DESIGN PROBLEM: AN OPTIMAL LINK INVESTMENT MODEL FOR RELIABLE NETWORK

Abstract An optimal network design model is formulated providing a set of link investment pattern for the most reliable network with highest network performance under uncertain conditions. The connectivity probability of a link is assumed to be improved by the investment to the link. The object function is represented as the expected performance measure. The formulated model is categorized in a group of stochastic network design problem in which the existence of a link is probabilistic. The characteristics of the gradient vector of the objective function are analyzed. The derivatives of the objective function can be approximately evaluated without enumerating all possible network state vectors. Numerical examples are calculated for analyzing the sensitivity of optimal investment policies.

Effects of parking availability information on system performance: a simulation model approach

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of different types of parking availability information on system performance using a simulation model. The model consists of three sub-models; demand, performance and information service models. The model is designed to describe the dynamic interaction between demand and system performance and it is possible to examine the time to time fluctuation of drivers parking choice decisions and resulting congestion in car parks. The model can distinguish the difference of a drivers parking choice behavior between with and without availability information, and compare the effects of the different types of availability information. Numerical examples are calculated and it is found that the difference of effects among information types depends on the congestion level of the system.<<ETX>>

Testing the efficiency of urban spatial growth: A case study of Tokyo

Abstract This paper examines the long-run efficiency of land development in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA). Using a dynamic planning model of urban land use, the efficient land development processes of TMA are calculated under various scenarios for the time period 1955–2020. Then, the actual spatial growth of TMA for the time period 1955–1980 is compared with these efficient processes. It is shown that the actual growth process is qualitatively very similar to the efficient ones; however, the actual growth process is more spatially dispersed. It is also shown that actual land prices in 1980 and 1984 are considerably higher in the middle suburbs than those associated with the efficient processes.

A Study of the Passenger Increasing Effect by Commuter Rail Congestion Relieving

A heavy congestion in commuter railways is one of the most serious uthan transportation problems in Japanese large metropolitan aims.However, the effect of congestion on the number of passengers has not been estimated statistically so far, A panel statistic analysis, cross section and time series, is applied for the data of 12 lines and 13 years in Osaka metropolitan area where JR west company has succeeded to get more passengers by supplying more trains. We find the parameter related to a congestion measure can be significant but the magnitude of congestion relieving effect on passenger increase is not large.

A ROAD NETWORK PLANNING AND ACCESS FOR THE ELDERLY.

This paper proposes a new method to evaluate an urban road network from the viewpoint of pedestrian crossing. Our method has two steps, traffic assignment and facilities allocation for pedestrians or cyclists. The first step is a usual traffic assignment calculation on an alternative road network to evaluate under a specific car O.D. pattern. The second step is a facility allocation problem using a Location Set Covering model on a combined network of pedestrian and car traffic. This model is applied to Saijo City which has a population of sixty thousand.

A Supply Side Analysis of Housing Stock Change

Demand side analysis has been the main approach of housing market studies so far. However, supply side is playing more important roles in these years. This paper presents an estimation model of housing stock change which is caused by newly constructed housing units. The model is composed of a new housing construction estimation model represented by a system of econometrics and a housing demolitionestimation model by an input-output model of housing vacancy. An empirical studyin Osaka prefecture assures that the model can estimate the housing stock changewith sufficient accuracy level for practical housing studies.

A Simulation Model on Urban Land Use in a Metropolitan Area – with Environmental Reflections

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a long-run and over-all simulation model which makes it possible to forecast the spatial transformation of each activity in a metropolitan area under a given set of environmental standards. As the major output of the model, the transition of quantities of residential, industrial, and other urban facilities is obtained in each subdivided district in the object region. Quantities of pollutants and pollution eliminating facilities required are also obtained at the same time. To improve applicability of the model, it is composed as a recursive dynamic model, considering both stock and flow aspects of various activities. Since the model treats many subdivided districts as well as many sectors of activities, it should be a largescale one. Concepts of hierarchical structure are introduced into the model for assuring its operationability.

A Proposal of Sea Space Planning Model

Abstract A sea space planning is a comprehensive planning. The planning covers many activities such as industries, harbors, fisheries and so on. These activities interact complexly. In the planning we must allocate sites of activities to achive a harmonious goal. We propose a sea space planning model to make alternative planns efficiently and analyze the goal.