Mateusz Malanowski

Two Methods for Target Localization in Multistatic Passive Radar

This paper compares two algorithms for three-dimensional target localization from passive radar measurements. The algorithms use bistatic range measurements from multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to calculate the target position. The algorithms derived are based on the methods known for time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) systems, namely spherical interpolation (SI) and spherical intersection (SX). Both algorithms rely on closed-form equations. A theoretical accuracy analysis of the algorithms is provided. This analysis is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations and a real-life example is presented.

Digital beamforming for Passive Coherent Location radar

The paper presents digital beamforming for Passive Coherent Location (PCL) radar. The considered circular antenna array is a part of a passive system developed at Warsaw University of Technology. The system is based on FM radio transmitters. The array consists of eight half-wave dipoles arranged in a circular array covering 360deg with multiple beams. The digital beamforming procedure is presented, including mutual coupling correction and antenna pattern optimization. The results of field calibration and measurements are also shown.

PaRaDe - PAssive RAdar DEmonstrator family development at Warsaw University of Technology

The paper presents a family of passive coherent location (PCL) radar demonstrators, called PaRaDe (passive radar demonstrator), which were developed at Warsaw University of Technology. The systems exploit commercial FM radio transmitters as illuminators of opportunity in order to detect and track airborne targets. In the paper, the details of demonstrator systems are described and the results obtained in tests are presented.

Comparison of Adaptive Methods for Clutter Removal in PCL Radar

The paper presents a comparison of classical adaptive filters for suppression of direct path interference and ground clutter in Passive Coherent Location (PCL) radar. The following algorithms were tested: Least Mean Squares, Recursive Least Squares and Least Square Lattice. The filtering methods were compared from the convergence rate, computational complexity and frequency filtering properties point of view.

DPCA Detection of Moving Targets in Airborne Passive Radar

A new approach to the passive coherent location (PCL) signal processing technique dedicated for use on mobile radar platforms is presented. The main goal of the research conducted was to present different aspects of an efficient space-time ground moving target indication (GMTI) algorithm for PCL radar mounted to airborne platforms. The algorithm described, based on displacement phase center antenna (DPCA), has been successfully tested with simulated and real-life data collected with an airborne passive radar demonstrator (PaRaDe).

Detection of Moving Targets With Continuous-Wave Noise Radar: Theory and Measurements

This paper investigates a radar using a narrowband continuous noise waveform as an illuminating signal for the detection of moving targets. First, the theory of noise radar is presented, including the properties of the noise waveform and signal model. Next, the signal processing for noise radar is described, consisting of adaptive filtering for clutter removal, calculation of the crossambiguity function, and detection. The presented concept is validated with real-life experiments, during which cars at ranges of hundred of meters and aircraft at ranges of a few kilometers were detected.

Detection of moving targets with multichannel airborne passive radar

Passive radars, i.e., radars that use existing transmitters as illuminators of opportunity, have witnessed a fast progress in the last decade. Recent developments in many countries [1-5] refer to systems that use commercial transmitters (e.g., FM radio, DAB, DVB-T, GSM) and apply advanced signal processing technology to the received signal. The technology, known also by passive coherent location (PCL), is reaching its maturity stage, as some final products appear on the market [6, 7]. Most of these systems are stationary, ground-based passive radars.

Simple motion compensation algorithm for unfocused synthetic aperture radar

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a technique used to obtain high-resolution radar images. It can be carried out in two ways: Focused SAR or Unfocused SAR. Although the first method gives better resolution, it requires more computational power. The second method bases on less complicated computations and can also ensure satisfactory results. Since the aircrafts path is not ideal in real situations these two techniques require motion compensation. A simple motion compensation algorithm for Unfocused SAR presented in this paper is computationally effective and gives good results.

mm-Wave SAR demonstrator as a test bed for advanced solutions in microwave imaging

The capability of imaging and surveying ground areas with airborne and spaceborne sensors has a very high priority in many applications, both in the civilian and military sectors. One of the most essential uses of this capability is in disaster monitoring, where up-to-date, reliable images and data are vital for the undertaking and coordinating of rescue actions. Sensors in space are very accurate but typically have a long revisit time, and thus their use for continuous monitoring is limited. Manned aircrafts equipped with optical, infrared, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are costly, and their operation in poor weather conditions (like heavy storms) are limited due to concerns over pilot safety. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are ideal candidates for the safe and cheap surveillance and imaging of such areas. They can provide continuous monitoring at very low cost, be deployed very quickly, and pose no risk of the loss of life in the case of a platform malfunction caused by heavy weather conditions, technical problems, or human error. The disadvantage of small, unmanned platforms is that they only offer limited space for payloads and have a low electrical power supply. This lays down the conditions for the design of an airborne sensor for small- and medium-sized UAVs. The cheapest solution for UAV surveillance is the use of visual light cameras. Optical cameras are cheap, light, and require a low supply of power, but their usage is limited to the daytime and good weather conditions. The presence of heavy rain, clouds, fog, or smoke can significantly reduce their imaging distance, sometimes down to just a few meters. Far better results can be obtained using much longer electromagnetic waves. The use of far infrared (e.g. in the 10 μm region) can provide thermal information and can be used for the detection of people in both day and night conditions, but it does not provide satisfactory images of land and infrastructures. The use of millimeter and centimeter microwaves with active illumination, combined with SAR technology, can provide high resolution images in all weather conditions, day and night, at a distance of several kilometers.

A concept of GSM-based passive radar for vehicle traffic monitoring

In this paper the passive radar used as a transmitter of opportunity GSM BTS stations has been proposed for vehicle traffic monitoring. The paper presents a feasibility study on using GSM signals for traffic control in different environments including urban areas, highways and small agglomeration roads. The initial analysis shows that such system can be successfully used to extract traffic parameters such as the average speed of vehicles and road capacity. Additionally, the presented GSM passive radar concept for vehicle traffic monitoring has been successfully verified using real-life signals recorded during a measurement campaign carried out at the Warsaw University of Technology.