Matteo Colangeli

Stochastic parameterization: Towards a new view of weather and climate models

AbstractThe last decade has seen the success of stochastic parameterizations in short-term, medium-range, and seasonal forecasts: operational weather centers now routinely use stochastic parameterization schemes to represent model inadequacy better and to improve the quantification of forecast uncertainty. Developed initially for numerical weather prediction, the inclusion of stochastic parameterizations not only provides better estimates of uncertainty, but it is also extremely promising for reducing long-standing climate biases and is relevant for determining the climate response to external forcing. This article highlights recent developments from different research groups that show that the stochastic representation of unresolved processes in the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere of comprehensive weather and climate models 1) gives rise to more reliable probabilistic forecasts of weather and climate and 2) reduces systematic model bias. We make a case that the use of mathematically stri...

Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamic fluctuations

We apply the method of invariant manifolds to derive equations of generalized hydrodynamics from the linearized Boltzmann equation and determine exact transport coefficients, obeying Green-Kubo formulas. Numerical calculations are performed in the special case of Maxwell molecules. We investigate, through the comparison with experimental data and former approaches, the spectrum of density fluctuations and address the regime of finite Knudsen numbers and finite frequencies hydrodynamics.

From hyperbolic regularization to exact hydrodynamics for linearized Grad's equations

Inspired by a recent hyperbolic regularization of Burnetts hydrodynamic equations [A. Bobylev, J. Stat. Phys. 124, 371 (2006)], we introduce a method to derive hyperbolic equations of linear hydrodynamics to any desired accuracy in Knudsen number. The approach is based on a dynamic invariance principle which derives exact constitutive relations for the stress tensor and heat flux, and a transformation which renders the exact equations of hydrodynamics hyperbolic and stable. The method is described in detail for a simple kinetic model -- a 13 moment Grad system.

Does communication enhance pedestrians transport in the dark

We study the motion of pedestrians through an obscure tunnel where the lack of visibility hides the exits. Using a lattice model, we explore the effects of communication on the effective transport properties of the crowd of pedestrians. More precisely, we study the effect of two thresholds on the structure of the effective nonlinear diffusion coefficient. One threshold models pedestrian communication efficiency in the dark, while the other one describes the tunnel capacity. Essentially, we note that if the evacuees show a maximum trust (leading to a fast communication), they tend to quickly find the exit and hence the collective action tends to prevent the occurrence of disasters.

Focus on some nonequilibrium issues

Abstract A mathematical framework for the physics of nonequilibrium phenomena is gradually being developed. This review is meant to shed light on some aspects of response theory, on the theory of Fluctuation Relations, on the so-called t - mixing condition, and on the use of large deviation techniques in the description of stochastic diffusion processes.

Latent heat and the Fourier law

Abstract We present computer simulations run with a stochastic cellular automaton which describes d = 1 particle systems connected to reservoirs which keep two different densities at the endpoints. We fix the parameters so that there is a phase transition (of the van der Waals type) and observe that if the densities at the boundaries are metastable then, after a transient, the system reaches an apparently stationary regime where the current flows from the reservoir with smaller density to the one with larger density.

Stationary currents in particle systems with constrained hopping rates

Abstract We study the effect on the stationary currents of constraints affecting the hopping rates in stochastic particle systems. In the framework of zero range processes with drift within a finite volume, we discuss how the current is reduced by the presence of the constraint and deduce exact formulae, fully explicit in some cases. The model discussed here has been introduced by Cirillo et al. (Does communication enhance pedestrians transport in the dark? To appear in C. R. Mécanique 344 (2016), 19–23) and is relevant for the description of pedestrian motion in elongated dark corridors, where the constraint on the hopping rates can be related to limitations on the interaction distance among pedestrians, but finds also applications in the modeling of various transport phenomena.

Trapping in bottlenecks: Interplay between microscopic dynamics and large scale effects

Abstract We investigate the appearance of trapping states in pedestrian flows through bottlenecks as a result of the interplay between the geometry of the system and the microscopic stochastic dynamics. We model the flow through a bottleneck via a Zero Range Process on a one-dimensional periodic lattice. Particle are removed from the lattice sites with rates proportional to the local occupation numbers. The bottleneck is modeled by a particular site of the lattice whose updating rate saturates to a constant value as soon as the local occupation number exceeds a fixed threshold. We show that for any finite value of the threshold the stationary particle current saturates to the limiting bottleneck rate when the total particle density in the system exceeds a critical value corresponding to the bottleneck rate itself.

Blockage-induced condensation controlled by a local reaction

We consider the setup of stationary zero range models and discuss the onset of condensation induced by a local blockage on the lattice. We show that the introduction of a local feedback on the hopping rates allows us to control the particle fraction in the condensed phase. This phenomenon results in a current versus blockage parameter curve characterized by two nonanalyticity points.

Stationary uphill currents in locally perturbed zero-range processes

Uphill currents are observed when mass diffuses in the direction of the density gradient. We study this phenomenon in stationary conditions in the framework of locally perturbed one-dimensional zero range processes (ZRPs). We show that the onset of currents flowing from the reservoir with smaller density to the one with larger density can be caused by a local asymmetry in the hopping rates on a single site at the center of the lattice. For fixed injection rates at the boundaries, we prove that a suitable tuning of the asymmetry in the bulk may induce uphill diffusion at arbitrarily large, finite volumes. We also deduce heuristically the hydrodynamic behavior of the model and connect the local asymmetry characterizing the ZRP dynamics to a matching condition relevant for the macroscopic problem.