Matthias Kalverkamp

Automotive Remanufacturing in the Circular Economy in Europe: Marketing System Challenges

Circular systems of reuse and recycling may stimulate resource conservation and thereby more sustainable outcomes for marketing systems. Automotive remanufacturing serves as a specific circular marketing system of reuse. However, supply shortages challenge the European remanufacturing marketing system, and current research focuses on micromarketing perspectives in this context. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the system from a macromarketing perspective to better understand reverse channel issues and their relation to the sustainability outcomes of the system. The analysis reveals imperfections in the market that lead to a waste of resources and other environmental impacts. A macro-perspective of the European marketing system for supply and procurement in automotive remanufacturing offers relevant insights, which better explain the observed inefficiencies. The study contributes to a more complete understanding of remanufacturing marketing systems and provides implications for policymakers and for marketers concerned with the design of such systems.

Collaborative Serious Games for Awareness on Shared Resources in Supply Chain Management

Today manufacturing is a complex process often resulting in long brittle supply chains with considerable contributions to the global resource demand also posing a negative environmental impact (CO2 emissions, raw material supply, etc.). Reducing the waste of resources and being more sustainable are objectives incentivized by materials in short supply and customer requirements. Thus, the ability to share resources, innovate and to implement emergent ICT will play a key role for companies’ competitiveness and their sustainability. However, sharing resources puts high requirements on trust and gain sharing, amongst others. Although well known in supply chain management, the logistics sector is struggling to increase their shared resources. The authors found serious games (SG) to be a promising tool for awareness rising on shared resource. Existing supply chain games are analysed and their potential and weaknesses for the topic are examined, resulting in an outlook on the research needs in SGs for awareness on shared resources.

ANALYSIS ON EDUCATING MECHANICAL ENGINEERS THROUGH SERIOUS GAMES USING PERVASIVE TECHNOLOGIES

In the education of mechanical engineers alternative learning methods like serious games, simulations etc. have been used in past decades to better the learning outcomes. However, as digital techno ...

Requirements on learning analytics for facilitated and non facilitated games

Several engineering schools offer game based learning either as a supplementary to lecturers or as an integrated part of their curriculum. Most of the games are used in a workshop setting, and much of the learning outcome is achieved through the debriefing part of the workshop, i.e. not as an integrated part of the game. One reason is that many of the games do not offer stealth assessment, and thus need interpretation of a very well skilled facilitator. In additions games only used for one specific course are costly to develop, maintain and improve and in addition facilitated games put limitations on the class size and make it costly to integrate. Thus, this article looks at under which circumstances an on-line game produced for a different course could be integrated in a facilitated and not-facilitated way.

IoT service development via adaptive interfaces: Improving utilization of cyber-physical systems by competence based user interfaces

The more complex the processes, the higher the need for process transparency through high-quality real-time data. The steady improvement of Internet-of-Things technologies, or of the recently phrased cyber physical systems, during the last years ensures this process transparency. Although these technologies are promising, the potential of IoT/CPS technologies is not yet fully applied in practice. One reason is that technology novices have difficulties participating in development processes and consequently prevent case-specific and relevant services from being described. This paper presents an adaptive interface approach to support the development and utilization of IoT solutions. An exemplary solution is presented based on an IoT toolkit with a GUI for configuration, making service development possible without coding skills. Based on experiment observations, design improvements of the GUI are implemented. Furthermore, a more sophisticated design is introduced. This will allow users with different competence levels to improve their interaction with sensor and actuator networks further; consequently, more appropriate solutions can be developed and used.

Uncovering requirements using serious games

The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of serious gaming for requirements acquisition. To accomplish this, a game-based requirements acquisition process model was formulated and applied through a gaming engine. The gaming engine was then used in a case study to identify and discuss outcomes and generalisation potentials of the formulated game model.

Cascade Utilization During the End-of-Life of Product Service Systems: Synergies and Challenges

The circular economy concept is receiving increasing attention from academia and businesses as a conceivable means to decouple economic growth from material consumption. Product Service Systems (PSS), primarily due to their sustainability potential, have been identified as a promising lever that can facilitate the transition towards a circular economy. However, a product may not be more resource efficient or have reduced environmental impacts just because it is marketed through one of the various PSS business models. In this regard, the comprehensive End-of-Life (EOL) management of PSS can play a crucial role by maximizing the utilization of a product’s remaining value. In this paper, we consider the applicability of the cascade use methodology proposed by Kalverkamp et al. [15] in the context of PSS. Additionally, we explore the possible synergies and associated challenges between PSS business models and cascade utilization.

Assessment of Reusability of Used Car Part Components with Support of Decision Tool RAUPE

Owners of a car usually have to maintain their car including their car parts regularly, which results in exchanging car parts from time to time. Normally, products made by original equipment manufacturers are used by professional garages because of the guarantee they have to provide. The newly developed decision tool RAUPE is based on data mining methods applied to a data base provided by a car dismantling network that includes around one million spare parts’ data. The results of this data mining is included in RAUPE giving information on the reusability chances of the spare parts and the life cycle performance related to its CO2 emissions. The decision tool is in its beta version and is to be evaluated by the end of 2018. The paper describes the concept of RAUPE and the role of its stakeholders.

Comparability of Life Cycle Assessments: Modelling and Analyzing LCA Using Different Databases

Life Cycle Assessment is a recognized method to assess the environmental impact of a product, of product alternatives and of deviations from different life cycle designs. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases support the modelling by providing the necessary inventory data. This study aims to better understand deviations and potential inconsistencies between inventory databases causing effects on the life cycle assessment results. The production of an electric motor used in electro-mobility applications such as electric vehicles is modelled using GaBi Thinkstep software and three different life cycle inventory databases, namely Ecoinvent, GaBi professional, and the European Life Cycle Database (ELCD). Starting from the ReCiPe single score results, the analysis moves through corresponding endpoint and midpoint indicators to identify reasons for deviations. Despite some limitations, the results show both similarities and differences. Overall, it may be assumed that results deviate to a degree that can change the resulting assessment.

Support for Improved Scrap Tire Re-use and Recycling Decisions

This paper explores the challenges of decisions which must be made in waste management regarding their complexity in terms of factors influencing them from different domains. These include the economic, ecological, legal and social domains. The objective of this paper is to develop improved decision-making about the treatment of end-of-life of tires (scrap tires) by taking into account a multi-dimensional perspective instead of one single focus, e.g. only environmental indicators. It is argued that such decisions are too complex to be fully understood by a single decision maker since no-one knows all the facts. The paper proposes to develop a new software tool to support a decision making process, which will lower transaction costs and find a better balance between economic and ecological drivers for decisions to be made about waste management in general and for scrap tires in particular. This paper contributes to the debate on Life Cycle Assessment and on market drivers. The focus of this paper is the cascade use of scrap tires and their conversion into new products.