Maureen E. Davey

Past quit attempts in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers

Objectives: To describe past attempts to quit smoking in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and to compare their quitting activity with that in the general Australian population.

Predictors of wanting to quit in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers

Objective: To describe factors that predict wanting to quit smoking in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Talking About The Smokes: a large-scale, community-based participatory research project

Objective: To describe the Talking About The Smokes (TATS) project according to the World Health Organization guiding principles for conducting community‐based participatory research (PR) involving indigenous peoples, to assist others planning large‐scale PR projects.

Research methods of Talking About The Smokes: an International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project study with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Objective: To describe the research methods and baseline sample of the Talking About The Smokes (TATS) project.

The social determinants and starting and sustaining quit attempts in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers

Objective: To assess whether social, economic and demographic measures are associated with initiating and sustaining quit attempts in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers.

Tobacco control policies and activities in Aboriginal community-controlled health services

Objectives: To describe tobacco control policies and activities at a nationally representative sample of Aboriginal community‐controlled health services (ACCHSs).

Cannabis use among two national samples of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco smokers

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There is a concern that cannabis use is an important barrier to reducing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking. We investigate the associations of cannabis use and tobacco smoking and quitting in two large national samples. DESIGN AND METHODS The 2012-2013 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey was a national stratified random household survey conducted between April 2012 and February 2013, and included 2580 adult Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. The Talking About The Smokes Project interviewed a national quota sample of 1301 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adult smokers between August 2013 and August 2014. Both surveys asked about tobacco smoking and quitting, cannabis use and socio-demographic factors. RESULTS Both surveys estimated that cannabis use is common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: 32%, Talking About The Smokes: 24%). Both surveys found a higher prevalence of cannabis use among smokers who were male, younger, unemployed or who more frequently consumed five or more alcoholic drinks in a day. However, the two surveys provided inconsistent evidence about whether cannabis use is associated with not quitting smoking tobacco. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We did not find consistent evidence in this setting that cannabis use is an obstacle to quitting tobacco smoking. Nevertheless, we would still recommend that clinicians counselling Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco smokers about quitting talk about cannabis use because its use is common and almost all mix it with tobacco.

Associations between advertising recall and quitting in a national cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers

Mass media campaigns have been shown to reduce the prevalence of smoking, where supported by comprehensive tobacco control strategies.1,2 In Australia, this comprehensive approach has seen the prevalence of smoking fall below 15% among adults.3 However, while the daily smoking prevalence is also declining among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged 15 years and over (from 49% in 2002 to 39% in 2014),4 it remains more than double that of other Australians of similar age.5 Past television advertisements from the National Tobacco Campaign appear to be wellrecognised and received among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, however, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers often express a preference for more culturally relevant messages.6 Further, locally developed social marketing has been a feature of many anti-tobacco programs, including the Tackling Indigenous Smoking initiative.7 Evaluations of targeted and regional social marketing campaigns have reported good recall of campaign materials and messages but have been too limited in scope to explore impact on quitting.8,9

Contribution of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services to improving Aboriginal health: an evidence review

Objective Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) deliver comprehensive, culturally appropriate primary health care to Aboriginal people and communities. The published literature acknowledging and supporting the roles of ACCHSs in improving Aboriginal health is limited. This paper seeks to collate and analyse the published evidence supporting the contribution of ACCHSs to improving the health of Aboriginal people. Methods A conceptual framework for exploring the contribution of ACCHSs was developed, drawing on the literature on the core functions of ACCHSs and the components of quality primary health care. This framework was used to structure the search strategy, inclusion criteria and analysis of the review. Results ACCHSs contribute to improving the health and well being of Aboriginal peoples through several pathways, including community controlled governance, providing employment and training, strengthening the broader health system and providing accessible, comprehensive primary health care. Conclusions ACCHSs make a range of important contributions to improving the health of Aboriginal peoples that are under-acknowledged. Consideration of the different ways ACCHSs contribute to improving Aboriginal health is of value in the design and evaluation of programs and policies that aim to improve the health of Aboriginal peoples. What is known about the topic? Aboriginal communities have long argued the vital role of ACCHSs in improving Aboriginal health. What does this paper add? This paper provides a comprehensive collation and analysis of the evidence supporting the contributions ACCHSs are making to improving Aboriginal health. What are the implications for practitioners? The conceptual framework and findings outlined in this paper illustrate that ACCHSs are making important contributions to improving Aboriginal health through several pathways. This information can be used to ensure actions to improve Aboriginal health are appropriate and effective. There are important gaps in the literature that researchers need to address.

Smoking among a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service staff

Objective: To examine smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff of Aboriginal community‐controlled health services (ACCHSs).