Maurice Lorr

An Inventory of Interpersonal Style

Summary The aim of the report is to present data regarding the Interpersonal Style Inventory (ISI-B). Fourteen hypothesized bipolar dimensions of personality are identified in 370 men and 471 women. Six more inclusive higher-order factors were also found in both sexes. These are Extroversion vs. Introversion, Socialized vs. Unsocialized, Independent vs. Dependent, Structure Seeking vs. Avoidance, Stable vs. Neurotic, and Tempo. A discriminant function analysis indicates that the ISI distinguishes between working adults, college students, outpatient neurotics, and prisoners of both sexes. Evidence of the concurrent validity of the scales is also presented.

A comparison of right-wing authoritarianism, conformity and conservatism

Abstract Study aims were (a) to test the Altemeyer Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWAS) for unidimensionality and (b) to compare RWAS with two related Constructs of Conformity and sociopolitical Conservatism. A sample of 339 university students completed all three measures on an 80-item survey form. A principal axis analysis of the 30 RWAS items alone isolated two factors with pro-trait items loading on the first and con-trait items loading on the second factor. Since the two factors correlate 0.40 an underlying higher order dimension is implied. Analysis of the three scales combined disclosed four factors interpretable as Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Freedom of Expression, Conservatism on Military Issues and Political Liberalism. The results indicate that RWAS measures two factors and a slender higher-order dimension.

A semantic differential mood scale

A set of bipolar semantic differential type adjective scales were constructed to assess five mood states. The response format chosen serves to control for response bias, reduces the number of items by half, and measures both positive and negative affect. Each of the six bipolar mood states hypothesized was defined by seven five-point items. Two studies were conducted on samples of high school boys (N = 210); both confirmed the presence of five mood factors: Cheerful-Depressed, Energetic-Tired, Good natured-Grouchy, Confident-Unsure, and Relaxed-Anxious. The mood state factors isolated were compared with the scales in the Eight State Questionnaire and Bipolar POMS.

Personality profiles of police candidates.

Recently, Eber (1991) reported on several large-scale studies of law enforcement candidates. The main measures were the two parts of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (Krug, Cattell, & IPAT, 1980). Part I consists of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire Scales, while Part II is devoted to 12 measures of psychopathology. The most striking finding was a clear personality profile characterized by a strong pattern of self-discipline or Control, Tough Poise, and low Anxiety. Our study hypothesis was that several police personality profiles would be found. This conjecture was tested on the 16PF scores of two samples of 275 police candidates by means of the Ward (1963) hierarchical clustering procedure and the Milligan/Sokal (1980) nonhierarchical K-means cluster procedures. Three distinct score profiles were isolated in both samples.

Measurement of Ego Development by Sentence Completion and Personality Test.

Study aims were (a) to compare the characteristics of the ego development stages as reveated by incomplete sentences and personality inventory scales; and (b) to ascretain how well a structured inventory can estimate ego development as assessed by Loevingers Sentence Completion Test (SCT). Ss were 423 girls and 225 boys from five high schools five high schools, who were administered the Interpersonal Style Inventory (ISI) and the SCT. The ego development groups to which the boys and girls were allocated on the basis of the SCT scores were compared by means of discriminant function analysis. The 27 self-report scores from the ISI and a supplementary form were used as predictors. The analyses revealed two dimensions of differences for the girls and one for the boys. The first dimension, defined primearily by level of socialization, was essentially the same for girls and boys. The second dimension for girls involved degree of rule-boundness.

A study of Benjamin's eight-facet Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model.

The study purpose was to evaluate the cluster, or facet, version of Benjamins (1974, 1996b) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) in independent samples of 133 normal participants and 182 psychiatric cases. We first tested for the presence of 3 circumplexes, Focus on the Other, Focus on the Self, and Introject in the 36 items that are hypothesized to define each of them. Next, intercorrelations of 8 item-based facet scales were assessed for internal consistency, factor structure, and circular order, with the expectation that the scales would be reliable, yield 2 higher-order factors, and demonstrate a circumplex structure. Principal components analysis was applied followed by varimax rotation. Data for both normal participants and patients uniformly confirmed the presence of 4 item-level factors and 2 cluster-based factors for each circle. Alpha coefficients for facet scales were typically high, but some were as low as .50. The principal difference between the normal participants and patients was that the circumplex was incomplete in the patient data with poor differentiation of the vertical and horizontal variables.

Self‐esteem and negative affect

It was hypothesized that the Profile of Mood States (bipolar form) measures two higher-order dimensions: Positive and Negative Affect. It also was conjectured that subjects low in self-esteem report more Negative Affect than those high in self-esteem. POMS and the Self-Attitude Inventory were administered to 102 high school students. A principal component analysis of the 12 half-scale scores of POMS isolated the two affect dimensions postulated. Tests also showed that subjects low in Confidence report significantly greater Negative Affect than subjects high in Confidence. Thus, the Watson-Tellegen theory of affect is supported, and Negative Affect is linked to self-esteem.

Second‐order factors defined by the ISI

Sought to determine the higher-order factors in the Interpersonal Style Inventory in separate samples of male (N = 144) and female (N = 173) high school students. A principal axis factor analysis of the 15 scale intercorrelations discolosed five dimensions in each sample. These were hypothesized to represent Interpesonal Involvement, Level of Socialization, Self Control, Autonomy, and Emotional Stability. It is argued that each factor also is measured in at least two of the following multiscore inventories: Personality Research Form, the 16PF, the California Psychological Inventory, and the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey. The advantage of higher level factors lies in their greater generality and generally higher predictive validities.

Mood States and Acquiescence

The study sought to evaluate the influence of extreme response style on mood state factors isolated. The factors obtained after partialling out response bias from intercorrelations of adjectives were compared with those obtained from the original set. A sample of the 349 high school students were administered a 63-adjective feeling-and-mood inventory. A principal axis analysis of the adjective intercorrelations disclosed seven mood states, all monopolar. After extreme response-bias score was partialled out of the intercorrelations the matrix of partial correlations was analyzed and seven factors were identified. Three of the mood states identified were bipolar and four were monopolar.

Higher-Order Personality Factors Of The ISI.

To determine the higher order factors defined by scales of the Interpersonal Style Inventory (ISI), data from two male samples and from one female sample were separately analyzed. Intercorrelations of 14 of the scales were analyzed by the method of principal axes. The five rotated factors established were highly similar across samples. They were interpreted as Socialized vs. Unsocialized, Interpersonally Involved vs. Withdrawn, Autonomous vs. Conforming, Controlled vs. Spontaneous, and Stable vs. Anxious. The findings are compared to constructs established in the PRF and 16 PF.