Maurício Barcellos Almeida
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Publication
Featured researches published by Maurício Barcellos Almeida.
Applied Ontology | 2009
Maurício Barcellos Almeida
Research into ontologies has received much attention and has been the subject of study in different scientific communities. The current growth observed in ontology use and availability increases the importance of the evolution of methods to evaluate ontologies. There are formal methodologies available, but the evaluation of ontology content does not seem to be a main concern. We understand the evaluation of ontology content to be the activity of verifying whether the ontology really represents the knowledge of a domain, according to the assessment of experts. Our objective is to contribute to this sense. In order to do so, we present qualitative research about the content evaluation of an organizational ontology, developed within a large Brazilian energy utility company. The evaluation process consists of a set of questionnaires, which are based on a multidisciplinary approach, and of a prototype system. We believe that this proposal can contribute towards improvements in both modeling and evaluation processes in ontology development.
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology | 2013
Maurício Barcellos Almeida
Looking for ontology in a search engine, one can find so many different approaches that it can be difficult to understand which field of research the subject belongs to and how it can be useful. The term ontology is employed within philosophy, computer science, and information science with different meanings. To take advantage of what ontology theories have to offer, one should understand what they address and where they come from. In information science, except for a few papers, there is no initiative toward clarifying what ontology really is and the connections that it fosters among different research fields. This article provides such a clarification. We begin by revisiting the meaning of the term in its original field, philosophy, to reach its current use in other research fields. We advocate that ontology is a genuine and relevant subject of research in information science. Finally, we conclude by offering our view of the opportunities for interdisciplinary research.
Knowledge Organization | 2011
Maurício Barcellos Almeida; Renato Rocha Souza; Fred Fonseca
In recent years, the term “semantics” has been widely used in various fields of research and particularly in areas related to information technology. One of the motivators of such an appropriation is the vision of the Semantic Web, a set of developments underway, which might allow one to obtain better results when querying on the web. However, it is worth asking what kind of semantics we can find in the Semantic Web, considering that studying the subject is a complex and controversial endeavour. Working within this context, we present an account of semantics relying on the main linguist approaches, in order to then analyze what semantics is within the scope of information technology. We critically evaluate a spectrum, which proposes the ordination of instruments (models, languages, taxonomic structures, to mention but a few) according to a semantic scale. In addition to proposing a new extended spectrum, the article suggests alternative interpretations with the aim of clarifying the use of the term “semantics” in different contexts. Finally, we offer our conclusions regarding the semantic in the Semantic Web and mention future directions and complementary works.
Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy | 2008
Elizabeth M. Manhã; Maria Cristina Silva; Maria G. C. Alves; Maurício Barcellos Almeida; Maria das Graças Lins Brandão
In this article we presented a bibliographical Database - PLANT, developed by the Library of the Pharmacy School from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). From this database, it is possible to retrieve information on medicinal plants present in the Brazilian bibliography, which in great part are not indexed. The objective of PLANT is to contribute for the development of new herbal products, especially those with Brazilian plants.
Ciência da Informação | 2008
Daniela Lucas da Silva; Renato Rocha Souza; Maurício Barcellos Almeida
This article presents an analytical study about methodology and methods to develop ontologies and controlled vocabularies, built through the analysis of the literature about methodologies for ontology engineering and international standards for the construction of software and controlled vocabularies. Through theoretical and empirical research it was possible to build a comparative overview that helps as a guideline for building ontologies using theories from computer and information science along with empirical research with well known methods and methodologies for building ontologies. .
Perspectivas Em Ciencia Da Informacao | 2006
Maurício Barcellos Almeida
As organizacoes atuais estao inseridas em um ambiente turbulento, caracterizado pela alta competitividade, pela integracao dos mercados e pela reducao do ciclo de vida de produtos. Nesse ambiente, a informacao e o conhecimento se tornaram essenciais para ao desempenho das empresas. Tem surgido, assim, discussoes sobre a forma como as organizacoes podem preservar o conhecimento que detem para utilizacao futura, atraves de estruturas de retencao do conhecimento que buscam reproduzir as caracteristicas da memoria humana. O presente trabalho se insere nesse contexto e tem como objeto o estudo dos problemas advindos da pratica de reter conhecimento no ambiente corporativo, e de manipular os mecanismos subjacentes a memoria das organizacoes. A nocao de memoria tem sido utilizada por diversos autores, que citam o termo memoria organizacional utilizando-o como uma metafora para explicar fenomenosverificados no ciclo de vida das organizacoes. A presente pesquisa busca enriquecer a discussao sobre a memoria das organizacoes. Para tal, desenvolve-se um modelo baseado em processos humanos e em processos tecnologicos para representar a memoria organizacional e, em seguida, verifica-se em campo se tal modelo e valido. Do ponto de vista dos processos humanos, o modelo considera a necessidade de uma linguagem organizacional uniforme, a partir da qual o conhecimento individual se torna conhecimento organizacional, o qual pode ser preservado no ambiente corporativo. Do ponto de vista dos processos tecnologicos, o modelo considera a concepcao do componente de representacao do conhecimento de uma arquitetura denominada SMO - Sistema de Memoria Organizacional. Tal componente corresponde a uma ontologia, estrutura que, alem de representar a memoria da organizacao, possibilita a criacao e a manutencao de uma linguagem organizacional uniforme. Concebe-se uma ontologia representativa da memoria organizacional, alimentada no ambiente de trabalho de uma organizacao real (CEMIG), no qual o conhecimento apreendido e formalizado e armazenado. Alem disso, desenvolve-se um prototipo de um aplicativo que proporciona a apresentacao do conhecimento preservado na memoria da organizacao. A validacao do modelo e realizada sobre a ontologia, a partir do prototipo.
OTM Confederated International Conferences "On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems" | 2012
Maurício Barcellos Almeida; Laura Slaughter; Mathias Brochhausen
Background: In current information systems the pervasive role of documents and their ability of creating new entities are often overlooked. Regularly, documents are stored as mere files without analysis of their deontic powers. In order to make intelligent management of documents a real possibili- ty, we propose an ontological representation of document acts. Objectives: This article summarizes first steps towards a sound ontological representation of documents in healthcare organizations by providing a template structure for documents acts. Methods: We rely on the theory of document acts to develop such a template for defining pragmatic aspects of documents and to provide ex- amples of the application in healthcare procedures. Furthermore, we show how this research contributes for the development of an OWL representation of document acts. Results: We provide a template for document acts and show its usage in clinical guidelines. Conclusion: While the definition of pragmatic aspects contributes to a clearer representation of documents acts in the health- care domain, further development needs to be carried out regarding representation of document acts in ontologies.
Ciência da Informação | 2002
Maurício Barcellos Almeida
O HTML – Hypertext Markup Language – e uma linguagem de marcacao*, inicialmente concebida como uma solucao para a publicacao de documentos cientificos em meios eletronicos, que ganhou popularidade e se tornou padrao para a Internet. Diversos tipos de aplicacoes, como navegadores, editores, programas de e-mail, bancos de dados etc., tornam possivel atualmente o uso intensivo do HTML. Ao longo dos anos, recursos tem sido adicionados ao HTML para que ele possa atender as expectativas de usuarios e sistemas computadorizados, aumentando sua complexidade. Estima-se que a versao 4.0 do HTML possua aproximadamente cem diferentes marcacoes fixas (conhecidas como tags), sem contar aquelas especificas para cada tipo de navegador da Internet. E comum se encontrarem paginas HTML que possuem mais marcacoes do que conteudo. Uma possivel solucao para novas demandas nessa area e a utilizacao do Extended Markup Language (XML), uma linguagem de marcacao que pode introduzir novas possibilidades e trazer melhor integracao entre dados e usuarios. Este artigo se propoe a abordar, de forma introdutoria, o XML, sua utilizacao na Internet, alguns conceitos complementares necessarios ao entendimento do assunto em apresentar vantagens no uso do XML, em relacao ao HTML. Alem disso, pretende apresentar o assunto como um campo fertil para discussoes, proposicoes e estudo por profissionais da ciencia da informacao.
Proceedings of the Confederated International Workshops on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2014 Workshops - Volume 8842 | 2014
Stefane Melo; Maurício Barcellos Almeida
Information Systems IS should be based on consistent representations of the reality. Poor modeling results in problems throughout the IS development. Ontologies are key instruments for the improvement of conceptual modeling since they are able to provide well-defined semantics. This paper discusses the application of foundational ontologies in conceptual modeling, presenting partial results of a case study in which real UML diagrams were assessed according to ontological principles. Our findings indicate that violations of ontological restrictions of part-whole relations are somehow usual in modeling practices. In order to cope with this, we make a proposal for using part-whole relations based on ontological constraints, with the aim to seek for improvements in the practice of conceptual modeling.
Perspectivas Em Ciencia Da Informacao | 2014
Maurício Barcellos Almeida
Ontologias tem sido propostas como uma alternativa para a criacao de representacoes da realidade adequadas a computadores. Ao buscar pelo termo “ontologia” em um mecanismo de busca, abordagens bastante diferenciadas sao encontradas. De fato, o termo “ontologia” tem sido empregado na Filosofia, Ciencia da Computacao e Ciencia da Informacao com diferentes particularidades. Para fazer bom uso do que as teorias ontologicas tem a oferecer e preciso entender o que tais teorias abordam e quais as suas origens. Esse artigo busca esclarecer o que significa estudar ontologias e quais as conexoes o assunto pode fomentar entre diferentes campos de pesquisa. Inicia-se revisitando o sentido do termo no campo de pesquisa onde ele foi criado, a Filosofia, para em seguida buscar entender o seu uso atual em outros campos. Propoe-se entao que o estudo de ontologias e um assunto genuino e relevante de pesquisa em Ciencia da Informacao. Finalmente, conclui-se oferecendo uma visao sobre as oportunidades de pesquisa interdisciplinar no assunto.