Maurisrael de Moura Rocha

Controle genético do comprimento do pedúnculo em feijão-caupi

The objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of peduncle length in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). A short peduncle cowpea line (TVx-5058-09C) was crossed with a long peduncle line (TE 96-282-22G). The parents and the F1, F2, RC1 (P1xF1), and RC2 (P2xF1) generations were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications. Genotypic, phenotypic, environmental, additive, and dominance variances for peduncle length were determined. Narrow and broad sense heritability, the degree of dominance, and the minimum number of genes determining peduncle length were estimated. The additive-dominant model was adequate to explain the observed variation. The additive gene effect was the most important in controlling peduncle length, which appeared to be controlled by five genes.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte semi-ereto na Região Nordeste do Brasil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade da produtividade de graos de 20 genotipos de feijao-caupi de porte semi-ereto, utilizando o modelo de efeitos aditivos principais e interacao multiplicativa. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em 16 ambientes da Regiao Nordeste do Brasil. Os efeitos de genotipos, ambientes e da interacao genotipo x ambiente, e os tres primeiros eixos da analise de componentes principais (ACP) foram significativos. Os dois primeiros eixos da ACP explicaram juntos 55,11% da soma de quadrados da interacao, correspondendo a 83,20% do padrao da interacao genotipo x ambiente. As linhagens TE-97-321G-4, EVX-92-49E e EVX-63-10E apresentaram alta adaptabilidade, mas somente a ultima foi altamente previsivel. A cultivar BRS Guariba e as linhagens EVX-92-49E e TE97-321G-4 expressam melhor potencial genetico em ambientes de alta produtividade.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens experimentais de soja selecionadas para caracteres agronômicos através de método uni-multivariado

This research studied the genotype x environment interaction (G x E), the adaptability and phenotypic stability, by applying AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis) method for evaluating seed yield of soybean lines in F10 and F11 generations. The material included three populations derived from a 4 x 4 partial diallel having four insect resistant parents (IAC-100, Crockett, Lamar, D72-9601-1) and other four parents (BR-6, IAS-5, Davis, Ocepar-4) which are early and have high seed yield. In the F2 generation it were used three procedures of plant selection: PCI, population derived from F2 plants under total control of insects; PRIM and PRIS, populations obtained from F2 plants after the selection for resistance to leaf-feeder (defoliating) and pod-feeder (stink bug complex) insects, respectively. From F3 to F11, it was performed selection for seed yield and photoperiod tolerance among progenies. Twenty four experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with two replications subdivided in sets with common checks, by testing the three populations in eight environments (E1 to E8): two locations (Anhembi, Areao), two agriculture years (1999/2000, 2000/2001), and two management systems (CII: intensive control of insects; CEI: ecological control of insects). Each experiment included 40 and 20 lines from a population in 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 respectively. Based on seed yield, it was concluded that: the AMMI method evidenced large percentage of high yielding and stable lines in all three populations: 70% in PCI, 65% in PRIS, and 55% in PRIM; the Anhembi location showed higher seed yield in all situations; for the three populations, among the environments with high seed yield, the AMMI method classified E1 (Anhembi, 1999/2000, CII) and E6 (Anhembi, 2000/2001, CEI) as the most stable and unstable environment respectively; lines with superior adaptability and stability originated from the following parents: IAC-100, D72-9601-1, BR-6, Davis, and IAS-5; outstanding biparental crosses occurred when the IAC-100 parent was crossed with IAS-5, Davis, OCEPAR-4 and BR-6.

Variabilidade e correlações entre caracteres agronômicos em caupi (Vigna unguiculata)

O caupi ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) e um alimento basico das populacoes do Nordeste brasileiro, devendo merecer atencao com vistas a melhoria da qualidade de graos, resistencia a doencas e pragas e aumento de produtividade. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variabilidade e o potencial genetico de 28 linhagens, escolhidas apos uma selecao para cor, tamanho de graos e resistencia a viroses. A produtividade apresentou coeficiente de variacao genetico de 23,90%, e o valor agronomico, de 3,56%. O numero de vagens por pedunculo apresentou a menor estimativa do coeficiente de determinacao genetico (4,51%), e o peso de 100 graos, a maior (81,74%). O coeficiente de determinacao genetico da produtividade foi de 34,15%. As maiores estimativas de ganho genetico foram as do peso de 100 graos (21,73%) e da produtividade (19,77%). As correlacoes genotipicas foram superiores as fenotipicas e as de ambiente, destacando-se as correlacoes entre numero de ramos secundarios e produtividade (68,13%), e valor agronomico e produtividade (100%). Estes resultados mostram amplas possibilidades de selecao entre as linhagens com relacao a maioria dos caracteres estudados.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de feijão‑caupi de porte semiprostrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield adaptability and stability of semi-prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Twenty cowpea genotypes were evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with supplementary genotype and environment. The trials were carried out in nine environments (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; Sao Joao do Piaui, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piaui, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011) of the Mid-North region of Brazil in a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and four replicates. The effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. Genotypes differed as to yield adaptability and stability. The line MNC03-736F-2 presented genes for yield adaptability and stability. Among the evaluated genotypes, BR 17-Gurgueia and Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 are the most predictable, and BRS Xiquexique is the most adapted. Among the test sites, Balsas, MA is the most appropriate for selection of genotypes superior for yield adaptability and stability.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em genótipos de feijão-caupi avaliados para feijão fresco

The aim of this work was to estimate genetic parameters in traits associated with the production of fresh southern pea in 14 cowpea genotypes of purple pod and white grains. Three experiments were carried out: two under irrigation (2004 and 2005) and one in rainfed conditions (2005), at Embrapa Mid-North experimental field, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The correlations, genetic variation and determination coefficients were estimated for the following traits: number of days for the harvest of fresh seed (NDHFS), fresh pod length (FPL), number of seeds for fresh pod (NSFP), weight of one hundred fresh seed (WHFS), fresh pod yield (FPY), fresh seed yield (FSY), fresh seed index (FSI), value of crop (VC) and plant type (PT). The genotypic correlations were superior to phenotypic and environment correlations, being distinguished the correlations between VC and FPY (100%). The genetic variation coefficient varied from 6.58% (FSI) to 31.62% (FSY), with highlight also for FPY (30.16%). All characters showed high genetic component in the expression of the character, with highlight for the FPL (98.72%). There is a high genetic component in the phenotypic expression of all the traits studied, with a high probability of genetic gains in additional cycles of selection based on phenotype. Selection of cowpea genotypes for high yield and early is easier than selection of genotypes with high yield and late in the fresh southern pea breeding.

Divergência genética em feijão-caupi

This work aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes, for selection of most divergent genotypes and of highest yield potential as parents in crossings as well as for future recommendation of cultivars in the reconcave region in Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out Agronomy School of Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, State of Bahia, using twenty two erect cowpea and twenty semi-erect cowpea genotypes, in a randomized design, with four replications. The following characters were analyzed: plant height, pod length, pod weight, grain weight for pod, number of grains for pod, weight of hundred grains, grain index, pod yield and grain yield. The genetic divergence was obtained by means of the Mahalanobis generalized distance. New genetic combinations can appear in the crossings among the TE97-309G-1, TE97-367G-3, TE97-367G-11 climbing genotype and TE97-430G-12 and TE97-321G-4 and TE97-404-1E-1 semi-erect genotypes. The selection of the climbing genotypes TE93-244-23F-1, TE97-299G-10 and BR 17-Gurgueia and the TE97-321G-4, TE97-406-2E, TE96-282-22G and EV x 91-2E-1 semi-erect genotypes demonstrated superiority for grain yield. Pod length, weight and yield characters are ones that contribute most to the genetic divergence.

Effects of cooking methods on the iron and zinc contents in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) to combat nutritional deficiencies in Brazil

Background Because iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in developing countries, determining the levels of iron and zinc in beans, the second most consumed staple food in Brazil, is essential, especially for the low-income people who experience a deficiency of these minerals in their diet. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cooking methods by measuring the iron and zinc contents in cowpea cultivars before and after soaking to determine the retention of these minerals. Methods The samples were cooked in both regular pans and pressure cookers with and without previous soaking. Mineral analyses were carried out by Spectrometry of Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Results The results showed high contents of iron and zinc in raw samples as well as in cooked ones, with the use of regular pan resulting in greater percentage of iron retention and the use of pressure cooker ensuring higher retention of zinc. Conclusions The best retention of iron was found in the BRS Aracê cultivar prepared in a regular pan with previous soaking. This cultivar may be indicated for cultivation and human consumption. The best retention of zinc was found for the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar prepared in a pressure cooker without previous soaking.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de feijão-caupi

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate thegrain yield stability and adaptability of 15 cowpea ( Vignaunguiculata ) genotypes using the additive main effectsand multiplicative interaction model. The trials werecarried out at 13 environments of Piaui and Maranhao,Brazil, from 1999 to 2001. Genotype showed low effect,but environment, genotype x environment interaction, andthe first tree axes of the principal components analysiswere highly significant (P<0.01). The principalcomponents analysis explained 72.82% of the sum ofsquares of the genotype x environment interaction. Evx91-2E and Evx 63-4E genotypes showed high adaptabilityand stability and can be cultivated in all environments.Evx 47-6E and Evx 92-49E genotypes were adapted tolow yield environments, while Evx 63 - 10E genotype hadthe highest yield averages, and specific adaptation tohigh quality environments. Brejo, MA, 2001, and BomJesus, PI, 2000 environments were the most previsionalones, while Teresina, PI, 2001, and Baixa Grande doRibeiro, PI, 2001, were higly unstables. The genotype xenvironment interaction is variable inside andhomogeneous between the states of Piaui and Maranhaoin terms of environmental quality.

Eficiência simbiótica de progenitores de cultivares brasileiras de feijão-caupi

RESUMO - Devido a variabilidade das leguminosas quanto a eficiencia da fixacao biologica de nitrogenio (FBN), tem sido enfatizada a importância do melhoramento genetico vegetal no favorecimento da fixacao do nitrogenio. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiencia simbiotica de progenitores de cultivares brasileiras de feijao-caupi e dar suporte cientifico a inclusao da FBN ao programa de melhoramento genetico da cultura do feijao-caupi no Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em Teresina, Piaui. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, com tres repeticoes, sendo seis fontes de N: quatro estirpes de bacterias diazotroficas (BR 3267, BR 3299, BR 3262 e INPA 03-11B), um tratamento com nitrogenio mineral e outro sem inoculacao e sem N; e cinco genotipos de feijao-caupi: quatro progenitores (TVu 1190, Pitiuba, CNC 0434 e Alagoano) e uma cultivar (BRS Guariba). Na analise de variância utilizou-se software SAS e as medias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. O progenitor Alagoano destacou-se dos demais em eficiencia de nodulacao, foi superior ao Pitiuba em massa seca de nodulos e diferiu do TVu 1190 em nitrogenio acumulado na parte aerea. Para nitrogenio derivado da fixacao biologica verificou-se uma variacao media de 49,42 a 65,50%. Nos componentes de producao, o Alagoano se destacou em massa de vagem, comprimento de vagem e massa de 100 sementes. Concluiu-se que os progenitores avaliados sao responsivos a FBN e que ha indicios de especificidade entre os progenitores e as estirpes de rizobio. O progenitor Alagoano apresenta resultados mais promissores nos componentes de nodulacao e producao. Palavras-chave: Feijao-caupi-melhoramento genetico. Plantas-inoculacao. Plantas-efeito do nitrogenio.