Maxim L. Shchipko

Catalytic pyrolysis of Kansk-Achinsk lignite for production of porous carbon materials

The process of oxidative pyrolysis of Kansk-Achinsk lignite was studied in a pilot installation with capacity 60 kg h−1. Powdered lignite with a particle size <0.5 mm was pyrolysed in an air-fluidized bed of open-hearth furnace slag particles. In the initial stage of lignite thermal treatment (0.3 s), intensive formation of mesopores is observed. An extended micropore system is formed in the following stage of char interaction with gaseous products of lignite pyrolysis. The process parameters for producing char with high yield and good sorption ability were found.

Influence of the origin of chars, produced from lignite by different methods, on features of their activation process

Abstract Features of activation of chars, produced from Kansk-Achinsk lignite by different pyrolysis technologies, were studied in installation with a fluidized bed reactor. The influence of lignite carbonization parameters of the char reaction ability towards its activation by water steam and oxygen and char sorption properties was established and discussed. Some relations between the degree of lignite carbonization, the time of treatment and chars surface area, and their sorption ability were found. The empirical equation was obtained describing the dynamics at char gasification at 400–700°C and oxygen concentration 1%–4%.

Thermal conversion of lignite in a fluidized bed of catalyst

Abstract The results are presented of a physico-chemical investigation of thermal conversion of lignite in a fluidized bed of oxidation catalyst. Use of the catalyst allows an autothermal process at temperatures associated with low temperature pyrolysis processes. Quantitative aspects of the autothermal lignite pyrolysis process, and the compositions of the solid and gaseous products, have been studied. A model of lignite particle decomposition under conditions of flash pyrolysis is proposed.

The study of Kansk-Achinsk lignite bioconversion products

Physical and chemical studies of Kansk-Achinsk lignite bioconversion were carried out. The main stages of lignite biotransformation process under the action of biocoenosis of microorganisms consisting of Acinetobacter sp 10, Pseudomonas sp 2 and Pseudomonas sp 57 strains have been defined. At first the accumulation of microorganisms in the reaction mixture takes place with the growth of H, O, N, S contents in the organic products and with increasing oxygen-containing functional groups and paramagnetic centres concentration. At this stage of bioconversion the oxidation of aliphatic fragments of coal matter takes place over a period of about 20 h. At the second stage of lignite biotransformation, the resources of easily assimilated aliphatic carbon are exhausted and less digestible molecular fragments come into use. The lignite conversion rate and concentrations of oxygen-containing groups and paramagnetic centres fall and the growth of carbon content relative to other elements concentration is observed. At the final stage of lignite bioconversion the chemical composition of products remains practically unchanged and an increase of suspension viscosity takes place.

The Effect of a Thermal Power Station on the Concentrations of Metals and Silicon in the Water of a Small Siberian River

Studying of the distribution of elements in the Beresh River water showed the concentrations of elements to decrease according to the series Ca > Na > Mg > Si > K > Sr > Fe > Al and the river water self-purification capacity for these elements to be inadequate. Concentrations of elements dramatically increase in the river reach near the Thermal Power Station (GRES) and next increase even greater in the lower reach of the river before its emptying into the Uryup River. It is shown that the seasonal variations, typical of the river upper and middle reaches and determining the high level of anthropogenic impact of the fuel and energy complex facilities onto the river, even out in the lower reaches of the river. Specific features of seasonal and spatial variations in the element concentrations for the 8 years of observations are discussed.

Sorption of gelatin as a protein marker on a porous substrate of birch bark bast

The applicability of sorbent made from birch bark bast as a porous substrate to the immobilization of enzymes (catalytic proteins) was studied using the sorption of gelatin as an example. The effects of pH, temperature, and the nature and concentration of supporting electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) on the sorption of gelatin from model solutions were studied. The electrostatic interaction of gelatin with the sorbent surface prevents the adsorption of acidic and alkaline solutions. The sorption capacities of sorbent made from birch bark bast were determined at different gelatin concentrations in a model solution. The maximum sorption capacity for gelatin with the minimum time required to reach equilibrium was observed at pH 4.5.