Mayumi Willgerodt

Becoming bicultural: Chinese American women and their development.

Ethnic and racial diversity in the United States has led to increasing interest in research on biculturalism, yet the meaning and underlying processes of biculturalism in the context of development in young adults are not well understood. Fifteen interviews were conducted with second-generation Chinese American women to explore how being bicultural fit into their lives. Data analysis yielded a developmental map that reflected their experiences throughout life as minority women. Findings suggest that biculturalism is more than being functionally competent in two cultures, it is both a behavioral and psychological orientation in life. From the findings of this study, we have increased our knowledge of Asian American womens development and provided a foundation for nursing research with minority women.

Family Nursing Research with Asian Families

The purpose of this article is to review nursing research with Asian families over the past decade to understand the state of the science and recommend future directions for nursing research. Between 1992 and 2002, 68 databased articles published in English and authored by a nurse were examined for study settings, populations, methods, and findings. The current body of literature is limited by focusing on understanding individual phenomena in a family context. Research that aims to (a) understand the salient family variables that affect health, (b) identify the unique and specific role of culture on health, and (c) include multiple sources of data is needed to expand the current knowledge base of Asian families.

Interprofessional education and practice guide No. 4: Developing and sustaining interprofessional education at an academic health center

Abstract Increasingly health professions schools and academic health centers are required to include interprofessional education (IPE) as a standard part of their core curricula to maintain accreditation. However, challenges continue to surface as faculty struggle to develop and participate in IPE activities while balancing increasing workloads and limited resources, and also trying to keep current in the changing profession-specific accreditation and standards. This guide shares lessons learned from developing and sustaining IPE activities at the University of Washington (UW) based in the United States. In 2008, the UW Schools of Nursing and Medicine were awarded funds to develop, implement, and evaluate an interprofessional program focused on team communication. This funding supported the creation of two annual large-scale IPE events, provided infrastructure support for the Center for Health Sciences Interprofessional Education, Research and Practice (CHSIERP), and supported numerous interprofessional activities and initiatives in the health professions curricula. Our experiences over the years have yielded several key lessons that are important to consider in any IPE effort. In this guide we report on these lessons learned and provide pragmatic suggestions for designing and implementing IPE in order to maximize long-term success.

School nurses can address existing gaps in school-age sleep research

Sleep has been linked to a host of physical, behavioral, and emotional outcomes, and research has documented that youth across the globe are experiencing inadequate sleep. Despite this knowledge, however, very little research has been conducted on school-age children; much of the extant research has focused on infants, toddlers, preschoolers, adolescents, and adults. School-age children exhibit increasing independence around health-related behaviors, which provide health professionals the opportunity to educate and promote healthy sleep behaviors. This commentary extends previous research reviews by identifying the current gaps in sleep research, highlighting future directions needed in sleep research, and explaining why school nurses are best suited to address this growing public health issue.

Public School Nursing Practice in the United States

School nursing practice has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, yet few nationally representative investigations describing the school nursing workforce have been conducted. The National School Nurse Workforce Study describes the demographic and school nursing practice patterns among self-reported public school nurses and the number and full-time equivalent (FTE) positions of all school nurses in the United States. Using a random sample stratified by public/private, region, school level, and urban/rural status from two large national data sets, we report on weighted survey responses of 1,062 public schools. Additional questions were administered to estimate the school nurse population and FTEs. Findings reported illustrate differences by strata in public school nurse demographics, practice patterns, and nursing activities and tasks. We estimate approximately 132,300 self-identified practicing public and private school nurses and 95,800 FTEs of school nurses in the United States. Research, policy, and school nursing practice implications are discussed.

Feasibility of Using Actigraphy and Motivational-Based Interviewing to Improve Sleep Among School-Age Children and Their Parents

Inadequate sleep occurs in 25% of our nation’s children; poor sleep is associated with physical, cognitive, and social consequences. Developing good sleep hygiene in middle childhood is important, because habits typically extend to adolescence and adulthood; yet, there has been little research on sleep interventions for school-age children. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a developmentally tailored, motivation-based intervention (MBI) focused on improving sleep behaviors in school-age children aged 8–11. Nine parent–child dyads participated in an 8-week protocol utilizing MBI and comparisons of objective (actigraphy) and subjective (sleep diaries) data. Results suggest that parent and children are able to identify a target behavior to change and complete the protocol. Further, preliminary evidence indicates that sleep patterns change using MBI. Future research will be directed toward comparative effectiveness testing and exploring ways in which it can be adapted and incorporated into school nursing practice.

Sailing the "Seven C's" of Leadership

Nurses are increasingly being called upon to lead changes within health care. How do nurses and, in particular, school nurses become leaders? School nurses lead daily in their work but often do not recognize themselves as leaders. The “Five C’s of Leadership”—character, commitment, connectedness, compassion, and confidence—identified by Kowalski and Yoder-Wise are foundational to the development of leadership and are particularly relevant to school nurses and their role. Two additional attributes found in the literature—courage and capacity—also undergird school nursing practice. In this article, we describe how school nurses already embody these leadership qualities. Each leadership attribute is reviewed in light of the literature, followed by specific examples to demonstrate how school nurses provide leadership. Through these illustrations, school nurses can recognize and embrace their present leadership abilities. In addition, by using the “Seven C’s” of leadership, school nurses can enhance their inherent leadership abilities.

For Shawnee: Keeping the Student (and Family) Front and Center

Patient-centered care is a buzzword heard often as part of health care reform efforts. For school nurses patient-centered care means student- and family-centered care. Student-centered care can improve student compliance and actually decrease school nurse workload. This article explains what student-centered means and provides examples of how school nurses can provide student and families-centered care in their communities. Approaches that center on individual students, as well as community cafes will be included.

Elizabeth: Typical or Troubled Teen? A Training Case for Health Professionals to Recognize and Report Child Maltreatment

Introduction Training on the recognition and reporting of child maltreatment is a critical component of any health professional education program. Unfortunately, it is nationally recognized that health care professional training on recognition and reporting suspected child maltreatment is insufficient. Similarly, recent attention has been given to the need for interprofessional learning opportunities targeting to advanced health profession trainees such as doctor of nursing practice, masters in social work, physician assistant, and family medicine residents. Methods An interprofessional case-writing faculty team convened to develop this case and the affiliated materials, including video vignettes, faculty training, comprehensive faculty guide, evaluations, and trainee resources. Trainees were divided into interprofessional teams and advised to develop a prioritized plan of care for a complex patient case, though it was not revealed that the case involved child maltreatment. An initial video vignette showed an adolescent female and her mother during a provider visit to establish care. Teams developed a prioritized plan of care following the vignette. Additional case details unfold during the second vignette, and teams revised their initial plan based on this new information. Interprofessional faculty facilitators guided discussions using prompts from the faculty guide. Results Postsession surveys revealed that the learning objectives were met, and that both facilitators (N = 20) and trainees (N = 69) were very satisfied with the overall curriculum. Challenges centered around focusing on care priorities rather than provider critique. Discussion This curriculum is relevant for a variety of trainees and is an important complement to the curricula of many professions.

The Power of a Team: Using Unfolding Video Cases in Interprofessional Education for Advanced Health Trainees

Introduction Few interprofessional (IP) learning opportunities are designed specifically for advanced health learners who are early in their training yet have already had some clinical experience. This group of learners requires activities that are didactic based but extend beyond the introductory IP curricula typically geared towards prelicensure students. This highly interactive curriculum aims to fill that gap in the literature. Methods An interprofessional case-writing team created two unfolding video cases—a mother-infant dyad seeking care and an elderly non-English-speaking man experiencing disjointed care—for a large IP event with doctors of nursing practice (DNPs), pharmacy practice, and dental science, masters in social work, and physician assistant (PA) trainees, individualized to learner interest. The team also developed a highly detailed faculty guide, including specific talking points, to assist IP teams of faculty facilitators. Learners were evaluated using a Likert-scale postsession survey and open-ended questions. Qualitative data were analyzed for themes related to the objectives. Results Survey results indicated that learning objectives were met and students were highly satisfied with the overall curriculum. Mean scores for organization, utility, and facilitation effectiveness were all above 4.6 (range: 1–5), with the DNP, pharmacy, and PA students indicating higher levels of satisfaction compared to the other professions. Faculty feedback was very positive, particularly with respect to the faculty guide. Discussion Challenges were concentrated around implementation of the curriculum rather than the curriculum itself. This curriculum can be used with a variety of learners with minimal adaptation of discussion questions.