Md. Asad Khan

Characterization and anti-proliferative activity of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles in cervical cancer.

In the present study the chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CLCsNPs) were synthesized by tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linking method. The nanoparticles were prepared within a zone of appropriate chitosan and TPP concentrations. The average size of CsNPs and CLCsNPs were approximately 189±11.8nm and 197±16.8nm, exhibited a zeta potential of +76±5.6mV and +71±6.4mV respectively and drug entrapment efficiency was ≈85%. The CLCsNPs and CsNPs were further characterized by different physicochemical methods like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), HPLC, MALDI-TOF, FT-IR, XRD and UV-vis Spectroscopy. In vitro studies revealed a fast release of ≈35% at pH 5 and ≈25% at pH 7.4 of the drug during the first 3h, followed by controlled release of curcumin over a period of 120h and sustained anti-proliferative activity of the drug in a dose and time dependent manner of CLCsNPs and combination with methyl jasmonate. The higher cytotoxicity effect of CLCsNPs may be due to their higher cellular uptake as compared to curcumin. Chitosan nanoparticles were not only stable but also a nontoxic. Our data suggested that curcumin loaded nanoformulations, therefore, might be promising candidates in cancer therapy.

Characterization and carboplatin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the chemotherapy against breast cancer in vitro studies

Aim of the studies to synthesized chitosan nanoparticles by an ionic interaction procedure. The nanoparticles were characterized by physicochemical methods like, DLS, TEM, Surface potential measurements, FT-IR and DSC. The average particle size of chitosan and carboplatin nanoparticles was found to be 277.25±11.37nm and 289.30±8.15nm and zeta potential was found to be 31±3.14mV and 33±2.15mV respectively with low polydispersity index. The maximum entrapment of carboplatin in nanoparticles was a spherical shape with a positive charge. The maximum encapsulation and loading efficiencies of carboplatin (5mg/ml) were obtained to be 58.43% and 13.27% respectively. The nanocarboplatin was better blood compatibility as compared to chitosan nanoparticles. Finally, the cytotoxic effects of the carboplatin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were tested in-vitro against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Our studies showed that the chitosan nanoparticles could be used as a promising candidate for drug delivery for the therapeutic treatment of breast cancer.

4-Aminobiphenyl and Nitric Oxide Synergistically Modified Human DNA: ItsImplication in Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is a disease of continuing public health significance. Some known risk factors for bladder cancer development include smoking, occupational exposure, genetic susceptibility, infectious diseases and radiation therapy. Smoking and occupational exposure have strongly implicated aromatic amines as being carcinogenic for the bladder, with 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) being one of the most potent. 4-ABP is a major etiological agent of human bladder cancer, and its metabolites are able to form DNA adducts that may induce mutation and initiate bladder carcinogenesis. Binding characteristics and specificity of bladder cancer anti-DNA antibodies were analyzed by direct binding and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data show preferential binding of bladder cancer antibodies to 4-ABP-NOmodified DNA in comparison with native native DNA. A band shift assay further substantiated the enhanced recognition of 4-ABP-NO-modified DNA by anti-DNA antibodies. Cancer antibodies exhibited enhanced binding with the modified human DNA as compared to the native form. Lymphocyte DNA from cancer patients showed appreciable recognition of anti-4-ABP–NO-DNA IgG as compared to the DNA from healthy subjects. The 4-ABP-NO- modified DNA presents unique epitopes which may be one of the factors for the autoantibody induction in bladder cancer patients. The results suggest that 4-ABP-NO-modification of self-antigen(s) can generate neoepitopes capable of inducing bladder cancer characteristic autoantibodies. The preferential binding of 4-ABP-NO-modified DNA bladder cancer anti- DNA antibodies points out the likely role of oxidatively modified in the initiation/progression of bladder cancer. Moreover, oxidatively modified genomic DNA antigen, appear to be more suitable as a trigger for bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure [i.e., 4-aminobiphenylDNA (4-ABP-DNA) adducts] were common pathway for the predictive of the risk of cancers.

A Relaxation Oscillator-Based Transformer Ratio Arm Bridge Circuit for Capacitive Humidity Sensor

A simple signal conditioning circuit using a transformer ratio arm (TRA) bridge for converting capacitance change into frequency for capacitive sensors is presented. The circuit employs a relaxation oscillator in which the output frequency is linearly related to the capacitive unbalance of a TRA bridge. The design, analysis, and experimental results of the circuit and its application to a thin-film-based humidity sensor are reported. The experimental results confirm the theoretical value predicted. The circuit which offers the minimum parasitic earth capacitance effect has the potential for accurately monitoring measurement parameters, particularly ppm-level humidity. The simulation results for the effect of parasitic earth capacitances and ambient temperature on the output frequency have also been discussed. The pulse wave output of the circuit is interfaced with microcontroller for direct moisture display in ppm. The frequency sensitivity and nonlinearity of the sensor for the 0-110-ppm moisture range are found to be 10.94 Hz/ppm and 1.2%, respectively.

Nutraceuticals as Chemopreventive and Therapeutic agents in Gut AssociatedPathogenesis

Nutraceuticals have gained great insights in recent years due to their therapeutic implications. Secondary metabolites like glutamate, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids are widespread in nature and are part of human diet. Polysaccharides of prebiotic nature are used both as therapeutic and prophylactic agents. These nutraceuticals in recent times have been reported to posses great potential to reduce antigenic and oxidative pressure in the human gut. Antioxidant rich diet is a potential therapeutic agent against reactive oxygen species induced pathogenesis. Epegenetic compounds present in antioxidant and prebiotics rich nutraceuticals mitigate and remove the causative factors associated with pathogenesis. Flavonoids and polyphenols exhibit antioxidant properties and have been recognized as potential gastroprotective agents and epigenetic modulators as well. Triterpenoids such as cucurbitacin is reported to posses anticancer activities. Glutamate is an enteric neurotransmitter that is used in improving neonatal gut function. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge of gut modulating nutraceuticals which ultimately can play its role from prophylaxis of gut to its therapeutics by employing various macro and micro molecular pathways.

Anti-Proliferative Activity of Curcumin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in men in Western countries. In 2017, in the USA, 161,360 new cases were estimated and 26,730 deaths occurred due to prostate cancer. Its management remains a great challenge day to day in oncology . The growth of the prostate gland is driven by the androgen receptor . Prostate tumors initially respond well to androgen-ablation therapy. Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin nuclear localization play important role in prostate tumorigenesis . A hallmark of the signaling pathway is the stabilization of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin, which regulates expression of many genes implicated in cancer. Thus, advanced therapeutic strategies are required to treat prostate cancer. Curcumin is a promising anticancer agent for various cancer types. Curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles is one of the drug delivery systems for the treatment of prostate cancer. It is efficiently internalized in prostate cancer cells and releases biologically active curcumin in cytosolic compartment of cells for effective therapeutic activity.

Management of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus and its Vector through PlantExtracts

Four plants extract i.e. Azadirachta indica (neem), Allium sativum (garlic), Zingiber officinale (ginger) Allium cepa L (onion) were evaluated to manage OYVMV and its vector. For this purpose four Okra varieties Sabz pari, Pahuja, Pusa sawani and Lush green was sown under RCBD design. Data obtained from vector population and disease incidence was analyzed through ANOVA. Sabz pari was found moderately resistant. Pahuja showed tolerant behavior while Lush green and Pusa sawani showed moderately susceptible and susceptible response respectively. Among four plants extract Azadirachta indica (Neem) at 5% concentration was effective as compared to control and other extracts in reducing the whitefly and OYVMV disease incidence under field condition.

Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutryrate Biopolymer from Azohydromonas australica Using Sucrose as a Sole Carbon Source

A bacterial strain Azohydromonas australica DSM 1124 has been chosen, which is accumulated intracellular poly- β-hydroxybutyrate particles, each method which has been merit and demerit for employed in PHB extraction. Our study, we have selected chloroform-sodium hypochlorite method. It is one of the methods for extracting PHB forms Azohydromonas australica DSM 1124. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic with many interesting applications in medicine, food packaging and tissue engineering materials. That does not produce any toxins or residues in the environment like petroleum based plastics. The present study was emphasized on enhanced production of PHB by Azohydromonas australica using sucrose as a sole carbon source and estimation of biomass and sucrose content in the media.The batch kinetics analysis of Azohydromonas australica was done an interval of 3 h. Batch cultivation with optimized media recipe in a 7 L bioreactor exhibited a maximum biomass 1.71 g/L and PHB concentration 2.67 g/L for A. australica. The characterization of PHB was done by growth kinetics studies, UV-Spectrophotometer and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Impact of hydroxyl radical modified-human serum albumin autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus

Free radicals are important mediators for cell toxicity and pathogenesis of diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been generated broadly in inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases. ROS have been not only associated with the initiation and progression of the autoimmune response but also in amplification and exploring to novel epitopes, through the unveiling of antigenic determinants. This review explores the involvement of ROS in the pathophysiology of non-organ specific autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The modification of human serum albumin through hydroxyl radical is thought to be responsible for the induction of autoantibodies against modified human serum albumin. In the light of overwhelming evidence suggesting the association with oxidative damage in autoimmunity, the administration of antioxidants could be a viable alternative for the neutralization of free radicals that are involved in eliciting autoimmune disease. In this review, we have discussed their pro-oxidant as well anti-oxidant properties which are capable of differentially modulating the autoimmune response.

Nitration of H2B histone elicits an immune response in experimental animals

Abstract Histone H2B is an autoantigen that appears in circulation due to altered apoptosis/or insufficient clearance and is likely to be involved in the induction and progression of autoimmune diseases since modified-H2B is immunogenic. Our studies demonstrate that tyrosines of H2B histone spontaneously converts to free and nitrotyrosine bound protein in vivo. Commercially available H2B histone was modified with peroxynitrite in vitro. Modified H2B was found to be more immunogenic than native form in experimental animals. Furthermore, the sera of rabbits were analyzed for the native and modified forms of the H2B histone. The binding specificity of autoantibodies was characterized by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and band shift assay. The free 3-nitrotyrosine in systemic lupus erythematosus sera was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Peroxynitrite-modified H2B induced high titre antibodies as compared to native form which were directly proportional to the nitrotyrosine content. Furthermore, the induced antibodies showed specificity towards the immunogen and cross-reacted with tyrosine-nitrated proteins. ELISA showed preferential binding of induced anti-peroxynitrite modified H2B antibodies to modified H2B as compared to native H2B. The present study shows that peroxynitrite modification of self-antigen(s) generates neoepitopes capable of inducing modified-H2B autoantibodies in experimental animals.