Md. Salah Uddin Yusuf

Cognitive State Estimation by Effective Feature Extraction and Proper Channel Selection of EEG Signal

This paper presents a cognitive state estimation system focused on some effective feature extraction based on temporal and spectral analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and the proper channel selection of the BIOPAC automated EEG analysis system. In the proposed approach, different frequency components (i) real value; (ii) imaginary value; (iii) magnitude; (iv) phase angle and (v) power spectral density of the EEG data samples during different mental task performed to assess seven types of human cognitive states — relax, mental task, memory related task, motor action, pleasant, fear and enjoying music on the three channels of BIOPAC EEG data acquisition system — EEG, Alpha and Alpha RMS signal. Also the time and time-frequency-based features were extracted to compare the performance of the system. After feature extraction, the channel efficacy is evaluated by support vector machine (SVM) based on the classification rate in different cognitive states. From the experimental results and classification accuracy, it is determined that the overall accuracy for alpha channel shows much improved result for power spectral density than the other frequency based features and other channels. The classification rate is 69.17% for alpha channel whereas for EEG and alpha RMS channel it is found 47.22% and 32.21%, respectively. For statistical analysis standard deviation shows better result for alpha channel and it is found 65.4%. The time-frequency analysis shows much improved result for alpha channel also. For the mean value of DWT coefficients the accuracy is highest and it is 81.3%. Besides the classification accuracy, SVM shows better performance in compare with kNN classifier.

Relative SAD-based Inter Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC Video Standard

In this paper, a new relative sum of absolute difference (RSAD) based inter mode decision algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC video standard. The main idea is to determine the best inter mode based on RSAD cost instead of the rate-distortion cost. This approach can avoid most of the computationally intensive processes in the H.264/AVC mode decision, such as integer transform, quantization, variable length coding and pixelreconstruction. Besides, it can solve the problem of SADbased cost function for H.264/AVC mode decision in biasing to the smaller block size modes, as they are normally achieving higher prediction accuracy. It is demonstrated by experimental results that the proposed RSAD-based mode decision algorithm can reduce 60% to 68% of the H.264/AVC total encoding time with negligible degradation in the rate-distortion performance. The proposed algorithm is also combined with SKIP mode early termination algorithm for further time saving and computation reduction. The enhanced algorithm with SKIP mode early termination technique could save up to 10% of the encoding time with only a little rate-distortion degradation.

An efficient face detection in color images using eye mouth triangular approach

Human face detection is important for the aspects of face recognition, real time eye tracking and video surveillance. In this paper, we develop face detection method in color images. These methods rely on a two step process. First, we detect human skin regions based on YCbCr color method with lighting compensation technique and nonlinear color transformation. To avoid the effect of brightness included in the RGB color space, we propose to model the skin color in the chromatic and pure color space YCbCr, which separates luminance and chrominance components. After detecting face region within the image we construct eye and mouth maps in order to work on eye / mouth geometry and orientation of eye / mouth triangle. The result works well on wide range of facial variation in color, position, scale and orientation with photo collection including both indoor and outdoor environments.

Mathematical modeling of human emotions using sub-band coefficients of wavelet analysis

Human emotion reflects on human behavior which plays a vital role in physiological research and real-time application. Mathematical modeling of emotional states plays a significant role in this scope which can correlate between human cognition, emotion and mental behavior. In this paper, we propose a new approach to model the emotional states with mathematical expressions based on wavelet analysis and trust region algorithm. The brain signals are collected using BIOPAC automated MP36 system and transformed on time-frequency domain using Daubechies4 wavelet function on different emotional states such as relax, memory, pleasant, fear, motor action, and enjoying music to extract the wavelet coefficients of these different states. The emotional states are modeled with different mathematical expressions which can be verified with these wavelet coefficients from the adjusted R-square percentage and the sum of square errors. The adjusted R- square percentage of the mathematical modeled states with the actual emotional states are 78.4% for relax, 77.18% for motor action and for memory, pleasant, enjoying music and fear they are 93%, 95.6%, 97.7% and 91.5% respectively. The main focus of this paper is to propose the mathematical modeling of these states which can be further applied for practical hardware implementation of human emotion based systems.

Clinical engineering professional generation by interfacing public universities and health sectors of Bangladesh

This paper describes the conceptual methodology for generating Clinical Engineer and professional Technologist in Bangladesh. To produce clinical engineering professionals in Bangladesh, the authors develop a strategic plan by establishing a link between existing Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Universities and Health sector of Bangladesh. In this paper, authors have described the difficulties to develop clinical engineering and co-medical professionals (professional technologist) in Bangladesh and also submit the recommendation to overcome the difficulties to make sure that it can be appropriate and sustainable approach for developing clinical engineering professionals in Bangladesh. This paper explores and discusses the different academic objectives and development of clinical engineering and technologist professionals which will ensure that the goal will be satisfied, and will also evaluate the impact of each one of the approaches in developing skilled clinical engineering professionals in Bangladesh. Clinical Engineering Technology based academic programs should follow the current demands of the industry to become updated and competitive in order to train highly qualified professionals. Now a day, the role of clinical engineers is shifting from purely repairing and maintaining medical equipments to become the managers of the instrumental resources in their healthcare institution. This new approach to clinical engineering creates the need for technicians to possess a wide range of interprofessionals skills. Finally, the paper describes the different academic activities and approaches to develop the professional Clinical Engineers and Technologists through an interface between Engineering Universities and Health Services of Bangladesh.

Analysis of lightning surge characteristics for transmission towers

Lightning performance of transmission lines is an important issue of major interest for electric utility companies. Now a days, with the increasing requirement for power quality, this matter has been deserving even more attention. In some research reduced scale has been taken into account for analysis as it is better for understanding and also for simulation. But usually in real life, actual tower subjected to lightning. So, it is needed to analysis the surge characteristics of actual tower when subjected to lighting. That is why the author simulates an actual tower to obtain the surge characteristics phenomena. In this case three-phase conductors and earth wires have been taken into analysis. The apparent characteristics of a tower may be influenced by the presence of an earth wire. However this issue has been paid attention in the modeling of a tower for the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC-2) simulations. In this research, the surge characteristics of an earth-wired tower as well as phase conductors of the tower struck by lightning are studied with the help of NEC-2 in case of direct and indirect stroke.

A New Fast Inter Mode Decision Algorithm in H.264/AVC Video Coding

In this paper, a new probability based fast inter mode decision algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC video standard. The main idea is to classify the inter modes into large and small modes category and determine which one is suitable for a macroblock (MB). Depending on this, the probability of each large mode corresponding to the initial Hadamard SAD16×16 cost or the probability of each small mode corresponding to the initial Hadamard SADs8×8 cost is determined. Then the best mode can be obtained from their probability characteristics. Thus, it is possible to determine the best inter mode only by calculating the Hadamard Transform (H-SAD) cost instead of rate distortion cost. Moreover, it avails the platform to determine the best mode without comparing the cost of each mode to other modes. As a result, this approach can avoid most of the complex computation processes like quantization, variable length coding, pixel reconstruction etc. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can reduce 60% to 65% of the total encoding time of H.264/ AVC with negligible distortion.

A new z-scanning scheme for directional spatial prediction of AVS intra coding

In traditional directional spatial prediction based video coding standards such as H.264/AVC, MPEG4 and AVS, zigzag scan is the fixed scan pattern which designed to organize quantized transform coefficients in order to bring the high-frequency components as more as possible, so that the coefficients can be encoded more efficiently using the entropy encoding. However, zigzag scan cannot efficiently organize the transform coefficients due to different residual energy distribution produced by different intra prediction. To resolve this problem, in this paper, we propose a z-scan scheme to further improve intra coding efficiency for the AVS standard. In our method, traditional zigzag scan, horizontal z-scan, and vertical z-scan are used depending on the spatial prediction directions. It is relatively easy to implement our z-scan scheme into AVS codec without changing the syntax. Experimental results demonstrate that the z-scan scheme can remarkably reduce bitrates by approximately 2.1% compared with AVS codec using zigzag scan, while the PSNR of video sequences are maintained.

ATP analysis of direct lightning strike on a telecommunication tower suited over multistoriec building

Now a days lightning performance of telecommunication tower is an important issue of major interest for wireless communication service provider utility companies. Lightning is the most important and severe external transient phenomenon that can cause dangerous over voltages on transmission line, damages of sophisticated electronic equipment, terrible induced high voltages as well as electromagnetic compatibility problems on power transmission and telecommunication system. Telecommunication tower suited on the roof of multistoried building can be easily hit by direct lightning strike and telecommunication tower can cause dangerous overvoltages, which can result in malfunction of the sensitive equipment as well as dangerous step and touch voltages then finally hampered the communication system connected to the tower. This paper demonstrates the lightning surge response and effect of direct stroke for typical mobile phone tower suited on multistoried building roof. The simulation of the electromagnetic transient process, caused from the lightning stroke on the different portion of the tower and building have been carried out over the usage of the ATP Draw (Alternative Transient Program) software tool. ATP Draw is a mouse-driven, graphical preprocessor to the ATP version of the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) on the Microsoft Windows platform. The Alternative Transients Program (ATP) is considered to be one of the most widely used universal program in electric power systems for digital simulation of transient phenomena of electromagnetic as well as electromechanical nature. The key focus of the study has been the assessment of the surge characteristics of the different portion of the structure under the effect of a lightning sources. Surge impedance, Voltage and currents at different portion of this tower are evaluated to observe lightning phenomena for designing of protective equipment to save the sensitive electronic parts and equipment contains tower and building.

An approach to estimate cognitive state with the impact of listening music on brain activity

This paper presents an approach to estimate the cognitive states depending on the variations of different effective frequency bands of EEG signal with listening music. In this work, EEG signals are collected for different types of songs to analyze the musical activity on human brain. Spatial and temporal analysis are applied to the brain signals to extract the salient features to estimate the human cognitive state. The classification accuracy of different frequency bands indicates the larger alpha or beta activity on human brain for the selected songs. The highest classification accuracy for soft song was found for θ-band which indicates the state of catnap. For medium and fast song the effectiveness of α band and β band are noteworthy, which indicate the state of relax and stress respectively. Therefore, our proposed approach is innovative and efficient to determine the human cognitive states.