Md. Shah Alam

Arginine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus estimated by growth and biochemical parameters

Abstract Growth performance and different biochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the arginine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder, by feeding purified diets containing 50% crude protein from casein, gelatin and l -crystalline amino acids (CAA). CAA were supplemented to correspond to the amino acid pattern found in the whole body protein of the Japanese flounder except for arginine. Diets with six graded levels of arginine (from 1.25% to 3.25% of diet) were fed to triplicate groups of the juveniles (1.85±0.05 g) twice a day for 40 days at 5% of body weight. To prevent leaching losses, CAA were pre-coated with carboxymethylcelloluse (CMC) and diets were further bound by both CMC and k-carrageenan. After the feeding trial, plasma-free arginine and urea levels, excreted ammonia–N and urea–N in the water and liver arginase activity were analyzed to compare the result of the growth studies. Percent survival, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and apparent protein retention were significantly ( P

Dietary amino acid profiles and growth performance in juvenile kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus

To assess the reference dietary amino acid profiles for juvenile kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus a feeding trial was conducted using six semi-purified diets containing casein-gelatin and pre-coated supplemental crystalline amino acids (CAA) and a control diet containing intact protein (casein-gelatin). Pre-coated CAA were supplemented to the diets to simulate dietary amino acid profiles to those of the prawn egg protein (PEP), prawn larvae whole body protein (PLP), prawn juvenile whole body protein (PJP), squid meal protein (SMP), short-necked clam protein (SNP) and brown fish meal protein (BFP). The result showed that kuruma prawn juveniles are capable of utilizing the pre-coated CAA and higher growth performances were observed in the groups fed the PJP, SMP and the control diets than those fed the PLP, SNP, BFP and PEP diets. The essential amino acid proportions (A/E ratios) of the whole body of kuruma prawn differ slightly when compared with the other penaeids or freshwater prawn. The results suggest that PJP and SMP would be suitable as a reference dietary amino acid profile for juvenile prawn.

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Fed Diets Containing Intact Proteins or Crystalline Amino Acids

Abstract The influence of eight semi-purified diets having different protein and lipid levels on growth performance and body composition of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was evaluated. The sources of protein were either intact protein (IP) or a mixture of IP and crystalline amino acids (CAA). In trial 1 (IP group), four test diets were prepared from IP sources (casein-gelatin) with combination of two protein levels (35% and 50%) and two lipid levels (10% and 20%). In trial 2 (PA-group), another four test diets were formulated using IP and CAA with combination of the same two protein and two lipid levels as used for trial 1. The juveniles (about 2.00 g initial weight) were fed the respective test diets for 42 days in duplicate tanks. In both trials, weight gain was the highest for juveniles fed the diet containing 50% protein with 10% lipid and the lowest in those fed the 35% protein with 10% lipid diet. Weight gain of juveniles was significantly increased when the lipid levels were increased in low protein (35%) diets for both trials. In high protein (50%) diet, however, increase lipid levels from 10 to 20% with 50% protein resulted in decrease in weight gain, irrespective of protein sources. Specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency were significantly affected by different dietary protein and lipid level. Content of neutral lipids in the whole-body particularly, triglycerides was statistically higher for fish fed the high-lipid diets than those fed the low-lipid diets irrespective of protein sources. But, polar lipid did not show any differences either for different protein or lipid levels. Level of individual amino acids in the whole-body showed little difference among the dietary treatments. Results suggest that Japanese flounder grew better on low lipid level with 50% protein-based diets and supplementation of CAA did not show any adverse effect on the growth performance with different levels of protein and lipid in the diets.